Watch this on Rumble: https://rumble.com/v5riw8k-13-bloodlines-deep-dive-part-1.html
There are three tiers of bloodlines that control the world. The Zorastrians, the Black Nobility and the Illuminati.
Zorastrians – Top Tier
House of Orsini Family of Rome
House of Borja (Borgia)
House of Breakspeare (Magi / Lancellotti)
House of Colonna (Colombo Crime Family)
House of Farnese Military Bloodline
House of Aldobrandini
House of Somaglia
House of Caetani Gaetani D’Aragona (Bourbon / Gotti / Gambino / Trump)
House of Chigi-Albani Della Rovere
House of Medici
House of Doria Pamphilj Landi
House of Este
The Black Nobility and Papal Bloodlines – Second Tier
House of Alba
House of Bathory (Dracula, Order of Bath, Prince Charles and Blood Bath Ritual)
House of Bonaparte
House of Borromeo
House of Bourbon
Dreyfus family
House of Habsburg
Guinness, Hennessy and Bailey Families
House of Marescotti-Ruspoli
Odescalchi Family
House of Orange-Nassau (the Cult of Venus)
House of Osorio
The Pallavicini family
House of Sacchetti Doria (Goldman Sachs)
House of Savoy
House of Sforza
House of Torlonia and Borghese
House of Windsor and HAARP
Massimo Family and The Italian Nobility
Illuminati – Third Tier (New Money)
The Astor Bloodline
The Bundy Bloodline
The Collins Bloodline
The DuPont Bloodline
The Freeman Bloodline
The Kennedy Bloodline
The Li Bloodline
The Onassis Bloodline
The Reynolds Bloodline
The Rockefeller Bloodline
The Rothschild Bloodline
The Russell Bloodline
The Van Duyn Bloodline
The Merovingian Bloodline
The Disney Bloodline
The Krupp Bloodline
The McDonald Bloodline
The Gates Bloodline
The Bush Boodline
The Clinton Bloodline
The Kraft Bloodline
The Taft Bloodline
The Smith Bloodline
The Carter Bloodline
The Zuckerburg Bloodline
The Beso Bloodline
The Murdock Bloodline
The Elon Musk Bloodline
And many more top tier leaders/families in business, religion, politics, Hollywood, music and education. 4th Level is various presidents, prime ministers and leaders of the world in high level positions in various higher level secret societies and occult groups. 5th levels: Freemasons, eastern stars and various other secret societies that make up our judges, lawyers, doctors, teachers, mayors, police, wardens, businessmen, land owners and others that aren’t very rich. Lower levels are the initiates that came in via the fraternities, sororities and other secret oath groups that don’t know anything however want to gain power, control, wealth and prestige. Lowest levels are the snitches, groupies and blind sheep that create idols out of these rich, powerful and influential people.
These international criminals, royal and noble crime bloodlines are threatening society with more fake epidemics, weaponized forced vaccinations, wars based on lies, civil war, world war, martial law, and genocides. They are attacking civilization with secret societies, organized crime, corporate fraud, and electronic weapons. These bloodlines spread plagues and have been doing that for hundreds of years. These families are behind all the major wars including World War I and World War II. When real people stand up to tyrants like them they infiltrate opposition such as the American Revolutionary War which was hijacked by Freemasons.
These criminals collectively have trillions of dollars in offshore accounts in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and Luxembourg and they are controlling the Bank for International Settlements. They extort governments and people and make hundreds of billions per year through organized crime. They torment people with electronic weapons. The entire electronic grid has been weaponized with neuro-bio hacking programs. They finance continual lying in society through the media and entertainment. Their primary tactics are lying, making false accusations against people who expose them, and using phony arrogance to appear like they are in control at all times.
The royals and nobles run all the religious organizations, secret societies and covert organizations like the Jesuits, Freemasons, Rosicrucians, Scientologists, Skull and Bones, Kabbalists, Wiccans, Five Percenters, Knights of Columbus, Knights of Malta, Shriners etc.
They own the organized crime syndicates including all mafias, drug cartels, street gangs, and biker gangs. They oversee the global organizations like the United Nations, NATO, World Bank, IMF, World Economic Forum, World Health Organization, CERN, Maritime Law, INTERPOL, Conference on Disarmament, Red Cross, Geneva Conventions, etc.
These criminals have infiltrated every government agency in the world through pedophilia, child sacrifices, criminal financing, bribery, secret organizations, and mafia tactics. They have designed all governments as corporate entities and chartered subsidiaries of their corporate houses and monarchies. They are mass human traffickers, mass murderers, and war criminals who commit crimes against humanity at all times.
These familes also control all of the world’s religions. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hindu, Bhudism and all of the denominations.
These familes are extremely religious and practice Zoroastrianism. This is their main religion. Underneath, they act like Zionist jews, which is just a cover religion to take a hold of power.
Zoroastrianism is an ancient monotheistic religion that originated in Iran and is one of the world’s oldest religions still practiced today.
- Founder: Zoroaster, also known as Zarathustra, is the founder of Zoroastrianism.
- Beliefs: Zoroastrians believe in one God, Ahura Mazda, who created the world and revealed the truth through Zoroaster. They also believe in a constant battle between good and evil.
- Practices: Zoroastrians worship in fire temples, where priests keep a fire burning. The central ritual is the Yasna, which involves reciting the Avesta and performing a sacrificial ritual. Zoroastrians also traditionally pray several times a day.
- Symbols: Fire represents truth and righteousness, while white symbolizes purity.
- History: Zoroastrianism was the official religion of Persia from 600 BCE to 650 CE. After the Muslim conquest of Persia, Zoroastrian refugees, called Parsis, fled to India. Today, Zoroastrianism is practiced in parts of Iran and India.
- Influence: Zoroastrianism is thought to have influenced the development of Judaism and Christianity.
Some other practices of Zoroastrianism include:
- Disposal of the dead
Zoroastrians do not cremate or bury their dead, but instead place them in circular stone towers called “towers of silence”. - Initiation
When young Parsis reach the age of seven or 10, they are initiated into the religion and receive a white undershirt and a white belt to wear for the rest of their lives.
Zorastrians believe that if they do evil, their God will reward them as all evil in this world is meant to guide us spiritually to learn from. The more evil, the greater rewards. Zorastrianism is simple paganism worship of Baal and Molech.
For the past 1500 years, two familes have controlled the Catholic Church. They war against each other to be the top leader of the grey pope position. All of the 13 Zorastrian familes try and compete for the top but two have remained the most sinister passing the spear of destiny or Longinus to each other. The breaking of the spear ritual in which happens every 500 years when society becomes brittle and needs a new ethos.
Any tier underneath the Zorastrians will never be first tier due to their bloodline not being as pure. The Zorastrians are the descendants of Cain and keep the Caananite religion alive as they have done for the last 6,000 years. Their God has many names and the most commonly used one is Lucifer. It has influenced Star Wars and Game of Thrones – and characters as diverse as Voltaire, Nietzsche and Freddie Mercury have cited it as an inspiration.
It is generally believed by scholars that the ancient Iranian prophet Zarathustra (known in Persian as Zartosht and Greek as Zoroaster) lived sometime between 1500 and 1000 BC. Prior to Zarathustra, the ancient Persians worshipped the deities of the old Irano-Aryan religion, a counterpart to the Indo-Aryan religion that would come to be known as Hinduism. Zarathustra, however, condemned this practice, and preached that God alone – Ahura Mazda, the Lord of Wisdom – should be worshipped. In doing so, he not only contributed to the great divide between the Iranian and Indian Aryans, but arguably introduced to mankind its first monotheistic faith.
The idea of a single god was not the only essentially Zoroastrian tenet to find its way into other major faiths, most notably the ‘big three’: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The concepts of Heaven and Hell, Judgment Day and the final revelation of the world, and angels and demons all originated in the teachings of Zarathustra, as well as the later canon of Zoroastrian literature they inspired. Even the idea of Satan is a fundamentally Zoroastrian one; in fact, the entire faith of Zoroastrianism is predicated on the struggle between God and the forces of goodness and light (represented by the Holy Spirit, Spenta Manyu) and Ahriman, who presides over the forces of darkness and evil. While man has to choose to which side he belongs, the religion teaches that ultimately, God will prevail, and even those condemned to hellfire will enjoy the blessings of Paradise (an Old Persian word).
How did Zoroastrian ideas find their way into the Abrahamic faiths and elsewhere? According to scholars, many of these concepts were introduced to the Jews of Babylon upon being liberated by the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great. They trickled into mainstream Jewish thought, and figures like Beelzebub emerged. And after Persia’s conquests of Greek lands during the heyday of the Achaemenid Empire, Greek philosophy took a different course. The Greeks had previously believed humans had little agency, and that their fates were at the mercy of their many gods, who often acted according to whim and fancy. After their acquaintance with Iranian religion and philosophy, however, they began to feel more as if they were the masters of their destinies, and that their decisions were in their own hands.
Though it was once the state religion of Iran and widely practised in other regions inhabited by Persian peoples (eg Afghanistan, Tajikistan and much of Central Asia), Zoroastrianism is today a minority religion in Iran, and boasts few adherents worldwide. The religion’s cultural legacy, however, is another matter. Many Zoroastrian traditions continue to underpin and distinguish Iranian culture, and outside the country, it has also had a noted impact, particularly in Western Europe.
Centuries before Dante’s Divine Comedy, the Book of Arda Viraf described in vivid detail a journey to Heaven and Hell. Could Dante have possibly heard about the cosmic Zoroastrian traveller’s report, which assumed its final form around the 10th Century AD? The similarity of the two works is uncanny, but one can only offer hypotheses.
Elsewhere, however, the Zoroastrian ‘connection’ is less murky. The Iranian prophet appears holding a sparkling globe in Raphael’s 16th Century School of Athens. Likewise, the Clavis Artis, a late 17th/early 18th-Century German work on alchemy was dedicated to Zarathustra, and featured numerous Christian-themed depictions of him. Zoroaster “came to be regarded [in Christian Europe] as a master of magic, a philosopher and an astrologer, especially after the Renaissance,” says Ursula Sims-Williams of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London.
Today, mention of the name Zadig immediately brings to mind the French fashion label Zadig & Voltaire. While the clothes may not be Zoroastrian, the story behind the name certainly is. Written in the mid-18th Century by none other than Voltaire, Zadig tells the tale of its eponymous Persian Zoroastrian hero, who, after a series of trials and tribulations, ultimately weds a Babylonian princess. Although flippant at times and not rooted in history, Voltaire’s philosophical tale sprouted from a genuine interest in Iran also shared by other leaders of the Enlightenment. So enamoured with Iranian culture was Voltaire that he was known in his circles as ‘Sa’di’. In the same spirit, Goethe’s West-East Divan, dedicated to the Persian poet Hafez, featured a Zoroastrian-themed chapter, while Thomas Moore lamented the fate of Iran’s Zoroastrians in Lalla Rookh.
It wasn’t only in Western art and literature that Zoroastrianism made its mark; indeed, the ancient faith also made a number of musical appearances on the European stage.
In addition to the priestly character Sarastro, the libretto of Mozart’s The Magic Flute is laden with Zoroastrian themes, such as light versus darkness, trials by fire and water, and the pursuit of wisdom and goodness above all else. And the late Farrokh Bulsara – aka Freddie Mercury – was intensely proud of his Persian Zoroastrian heritage. “I’ll always walk around like a Persian popinjay,” he once remarked in an interview, “and no one’s gonna stop me, honey!” Likewise, his sister Kashmira Cooke in a 2014 interview reflected on the role of Zoroastrianism in the family. “We as a family were very proud of being Zoroastrian,” she said. “I think what [Freddie’s] Zoroastrian faith gave him was to work hard, to persevere, and to follow your dreams.”
When it comes to music, though, perhaps no single example best reflects the influence of Zoroastrianism’s legacy than Richard Strauss’ Thus Spoke Zarathustra, which famously provided the booming backbone to much of Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey. The score owes its inspiration to Nietzsche’s magnum opus of the same name, which follows a prophet named Zarathustra, although many of the ideas Nietzsche proposes are, in fact, anti-Zoroastrian. The German philosopher rejects the dichotomy of good and evil so characteristic of Zoroastrianism – and, as an avowed atheist, he had no use for monotheism at all.
Freddie Mercury and Zadig & Voltaire aside, there are other overt examples of Zoroastrianism’s impact on contemporary popular culture in the West. Ahura Mazda served as the namesake for the Mazda car company, as well as the inspiration for the legend of Azor Ahai – a demigod who triumphs over darkness – in George RR Martin’s Game of Thrones, as many of its fans discovered last year. As well, one could well argue that the cosmic battle between the Light and Dark sides of the Force in Star Wars has, quite ostensibly, Zoroastrianism written all over it.
For all its contributions to Western thought, religion and culture, relatively little is known about the world’s first monotheistic faith and its Iranian founder. In the mainstream, and to many US and European politicians, Iran is assumed to be the polar opposite of everything the free world stands for and champions. Iran’s many other legacies and influences aside, the all but forgotten religion of Zoroastrianism just might provide the key to understanding how similar ‘we’ are to ‘them’.
House of Borja (Borgia)
Spanish noble family, which rose to prominence during the Italian Renaissance. They were from Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, the surname being a toponymic from the town of Borja, then in the Crown of Aragon, in Spain.
The House of Borgia are one of the most well known bloodlines of the Black Nobility and are infamous for being murderous and ruthless. They use a red bull on their coat of arms which symbolizes their aggressiveness. The Borgia family originated in Valencia, Spain and are historically known as Marranos which means half-Jews. They were originally Hebrew speaking Babylonians living in Morocco that were working with the Canaanite Carthaginians during the times of ancient Rome. The Borgia family directly produced Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI. Francesco Borgia was a former Superior General of the Jesuits. Pope Innocent X was also closely related with the Borgias through a marriage between the Borgia and Pamphilj families. Pope Innocent X was a Canon Law lawyer and was depicted as the devil in Guido Reni’s painting. There is also a statue of Pope Innocent X at Capitoline Hill. Canon law really takes its name from Canaan.
Canaanites were enemies of the original Israelites and their leader was called Gog. Pope Francis’s real name is Jorge Mario Ber-gog-lio and Borgoglio is a variant of this name. Jorge Mario Bergoglio needs to be executed for his crimes which include pedophilia, child murder, cannibalism, blood drinking, torture, and assault. Jorge Bergoglio is the most slanderous devil on the planet and he makes constant false accusations against people who speak out against pedophiles and child murderers. Jorge Mario Bergoglio is a psychotic monster that was involved with Operation Condor and kidnapping two priests in Argentina. A group of Canaanites migrated into Greece and to Carthage. Carthaginians later migrated into Spain and other parts of Europe.
The House of Borgia have intermarried with the Este and Sforza bloodlines and their Spanish branch intermarried with various Spanish noble lineages like House of Trastamara of Aragon. Prince Luigi Borgia is currently a member of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies Military Order of Saint George and a noble of Naples. The Borgia family claim the titles of Dukes Dios in France which is currently held by their Spanish line. The French Borgias married with the Le Vasseur family and the con artist private detective Derrick Levasseur works for the Borgias today and he is disgusting and highly blasphemous. Derrick Levasseur from Providence, Rhode Island works with child traffickers as a fake private investigator and winner from the show Big Brother.
The crime family in Providence is owned by the Bourbon-Two Sicilies just as Prince Luigi Borgia is currently a knight of the Bourbon-Two Sicilies. The Borgia family were known for murdering civilians for fun and poisoning their enemies. This information is being downplayed and has been removed from historical texts in recent years. I believe the Black Nobility forced the Borgia family out of Rome because they have a rule about not killing each other and not being too reckless like publicly slaughtering civilians like Cesare Borgia did. The other Black Nobility are just as murderous and ruthless however they are more discreet and do not normally kill each other off. They have caused wars and killed millions of people but they don’t normally kill each other. I believe this is why they pushed the Borgia family out of the Black Nobility’s inner circle in Rome. This family is completely ruthless and aggressive.
The Borgia family still exist today as Dukes in Spain and have established family lines in South America with Rodrigo Borja Cevallos the former President of Ecuador. Rodrigo Borja and his wife are knighted by the Spanish royal family and have one son and three daughters. In 1992 President Rodrigo Borja Cevallos met with President George Herbert Walker Bush for a Drug Summit Conference in San Antonio Texas where they plotted to enable drug trafficking. Alvaro Alfredo Magama Borja was President of El Salvador. The Borgia family own and command a faction of MS-13 which are an extremely violent street gang originating in El Salvador. Alvaro Alfredo Magama Borja was put in power through Operation Condor a program that was orchestrated by United States and European intelligence agencies as a continuation of their Operation Gladio. Operation Condor included assassinations, terrorism, and military usurpation of governments in South America.
Organized crime increased after Operation Condor and this is why there are so many drug cartels in South America today. GrupoBorja is a South American investment company located in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and the Dominican Republic. GrupoBorja is involved in nearly every industry including real estate, agriculture, energy, media, and retail. GrupoBorja is run by Juan Jose Borja Papini, Ernesto Borja Papini, and Julia Margarita Borja Papini. Francisco de Borja Lasheras is the head of Madrid’s office for the European Council on Foreign Relations. Don Fernando Borja Mujica is a Jesuit Georgetown educated Mexican banker that is Secretary of the Board of Directors at Banco Santander in Mexico. The Borgia or Borja family have ownership of Scissionisti di Secondigliano Camorra mafia also called Spagnoli for Spaniards because of their involvement in Spain. The remaining Italian Borgia family are princes in Naples where Camorra is headquartered. The Borgia family also have part ownership of the Juarez Cartel which are located in Chihuahua, Mexico.
San Francisco de Borja is a town in Chihuahua named by the Jesuits for Francesco Borgia. The Borgias originated in Valencia, Spain. Cardinal Antonio Llovera is Archbishop of Valencia and when asked about the Church and pedophilia he deflected away by bringing up abortion as a more serious issue. He also neglected to mention that an estimated 300,000 newborn babies were stolen from mothers in Spain by the Roman Catholic Church. Don Benjumea de Soto Francisco de Borja is a member of the Spanish House of Borja and he married the Italian Princess Fabrizia Ruffo Di Calabria. The head of the House of Borgia is Don Francisco de Borja-Soto and Moreno-Santamaria who is the current Duke of Escalona and Duke of Frias.
Don Francisco de Borja-Soto and Moreno-Santamaria the Duke of Escalona and Duke of Frias is a part owner of the Juarez Cartel and MS13. Don Benjumea de Soto Francisco de Borja and his wife Princess Fabrizia Ruffo Di Calabria. Don Fernando Borja Mujica is a top Mexican banker and criminal financier. Don Fernando Borja Mújica. Mr. Fernando Borja Mujica serves as Secretary of the Board of Directors at of Banco Santander México, SA, Institución de Banca Múltiple (Previously known as Banco Santander (México), S.A. and Institución de Banca Múltiple). Mr. Mujica serves as Deputy General Legal and Compliance Director of Banco Santander México, SA, Institución de Banca Múltiple (Previously known as Banco Santander (México), S.A. and Institución de Banca Múltiple). Mr. Mujica served as Deputy General Legal Director at Grupo Financiero Santander Mexico, S.A.B. de C.V. since 2014 and served as its Secretary. He served as General Legal Director at Grupo Financiero Santander Mexico, S.A.B. de C.V. Mr. Mujica has served as General Legal Director of Banco Santander Mexico since 2014.
From 2004 to 2014, he served as General Counsel for Banco Nacional de México. From 1988 to 1998 he served several positions in the SHCP, including General Director of Banking Institutions. From 1998 to 2004 he was a partner at the law firm of Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C. Mr. Mujica served various federal government banking and finance positions. He was also a member of the Governor’s Board of the National Banking and Securities Commission and of the Insurance and Bonding National Commission and served as member of several financial institutions, including Shares and Securities, Afore Banamex (member of the investment committee) and Impulsora de Fondos Banamex. He was the secretary of the boards of Grupo Financiero Banamex and Banco Nacional de México, S.A. He holds a law degree from Escuela Libre de Derecho and a Masters in comparative law from Georgetown University.Prince Luigi Borgia is from a noble branch of Naples and the only Italian Borgia noble family still in Italy. Prince Luigi is a Knight of the Sacred Constantinian Order of Saint George a military order run by the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.
House of Breakspeare (Magi / Lancellotti)
The Breakspear family are an ancient English clan that originated in Italy taking their name from the Lancellotti family which are still nobles in Rome and Campania with Prince Filippo Massimo-Lancellotti and he manages secret societies of Druids including the Ancient Order of Druids in America. Satanic Druids are involved in making human sacrifices deep in the forests. Lance means spear and rotti means to break. Lancerotti is another Italian variation of the more commonly used Lancellotti family name. The Breakspear family produced the only English pope in history who was Pope Adrian IV or Nicolas Breakspear. Pope Adrian IV issued the papal bull Laudabiliter ordering the Normans in England to invade Ireland which they did and bring it under Papal-Roman authority which they also did. This is why Ireland is predominantly Roman Catholic today. Cardinal Boso Breakspeare was a relative of Pope Adrian IV and a both Italian and English. The musician Cindy Breakspeare fathered Damian Marley with Bob Marley. Damian Marley is a descendent of Pope Adrian IV and a part owner of the Jamaican Mafia or Jamaican Posse which have large operations in London. The Jamaican Posse are involved in marijuana trafficking and use these profits for financing their other criminal activities including human trafficking. Damian Marley is a ruthless mobster.
Breakspear or Lancellotti is also where the character of Lancelot comes from in the Legend of Arthur. The House of Maggi were a nobility from the commune in Brescia Italy right next door to the commune of Merlino all within the province of Lombardy. Magi or Maggi mean a magician or wizard just as Merlin like Merlino was a wizard in the Arthurian legend. The head of the Philly crime family is Joey Merlino and he gets his name from Merlino, Lombardy. One of Joey Merlino’s top crime bosses is the mobster Michael Lancelotti. The Gaetanis are part owners of the Philly Mob and Prince Gelasio Gaetani who calls himself the “Wizard of Wine” is friends with Prince Filippo Massimo-Lancellotti. Frank Quattrone is an Italian-American banker that was convicted of obstruction of justice involving Credit Suisse Frist Boston investigation and later his conviction was overturned. The Maggi family settled in Switzerland and became wealthy after Julius Maggi merged his Maggi soup and seasonings company with Nestle. The Maggi family also settled in Brazil establishing the Amaggi Soybean Group owned by Blairo Maggi who is worth about 960 million. Too much soy can cause an increase in estrogen in men and it can also be unhealthy for women. They have been adding soy into foods where it doesn’t belong. These Illuminati bloodlines are ancient and they go back for thousands of years. The Maggi family go back to Persia and India and derive their name from Majhi and Maji. Magi are also the term used for followers of Zoroastrianism which derived from Persia and Iran.
Maggio Cipriani is a Venetian international businessman that owns restaurants and bars including in New York City. Maggio Cipriani’s family are white collar mobsters with his father Giuseppe and grandfather Arrigo arrested for tax evasion in the United States. In the Book of Matthew myrrh pronounced like “mer” is an herb that was given as a gift by the three magi or three wise men. Herbs and chemicals are used in sorcery for inducing trance like states that enable mind control or bewitchment. Myrrh can also be ingested or used like an incense and is likely being added into food and wine covertly to enhance their witchcraft. Druids similar to wizards used holly wood. Mark Breakspear is a Hollywood special effects designer and Michael Breakspear is an Australian neuroscientist who specializes in studying oscillating wave patters and their effects on the brain. They are sorcerers involved with illusions, deceptions, and lawlessly imposing electronic induced brainwashing and mind control frequencies. The Breakspear family in London own a crematorium as well where the Breakspears and Massimos of Roccasecca which live in London make human sacrifices. The Lancellotti family of Italy merged a branch with the Massimo family with current members that include Prince Ludovisi Massimo-Lancellotti, Prince Ascanio Massimo-Lancellotti and Prince Filippo Massimo-Lancellotti as the head of this family today.
Maggio Cipriani is an international businessman involved in clubs, restaurants, and hotels. The Ciprianis are from Venice, Italy and they own Harry’s Bar in Venice and purchased the Rainbow Room in New York from the Rockefellers and later sold it. Arrigo Cipriani and his son Giuseppe Cipriani with Maggio and Ignazio on the outside. Arrigo and his son Giuseppe were convicted of money laundering in the United States and they used private bank accounts in Luxembourg where their company is headquartered. The Cipriani family are part owners of the Venetian Mafia.
Blairo Maggi, Prince Filippo Massimo-Lancellotti, Prince Gelasio Gaetani-Lovatelli, and Enzo Salviati. Joey Merlino the boss of the Philly Mob in the City of Brotherly Love. The Philly Mob are all involved in molesting little boys. The Gaetani-Lovatelli family are owners of the Philly Mob with Lovatelli like City of Brotherly Love which refers to homosexuality. Michael Lancellotti on the left is a high level boss of the Philly Mob. Mike Lancellotti is a pedophile that rapes little boys.
Michael “Mikey Lance” Lancelotti is a capo in the Philadelphia Crime Family. He has managed to avoid attention while ducking indictments and never being sentenced to long prison terms.
House of Somaglia
Giulio Maria della Somaglia (29 July 1744 – 2 April 1830) was an Italian cardinal. and Secretary of State under Pope Leo XII. He was known as a staunch zelante cardinal who helped enforce an authoritarian regime in the crumbling Papal States. Della Somaglia was born in Piacenza in 1744 to Count Carlo Maria Cavazzia and Countess Marianna Fenaroli; he was one of five children.[1] He was sent to Rome at the age of twelve and studied at the Collegio Nazzareno and La Sapienza University, acquiring degrees in both canon and civil law.
In 1769 he became domestic prelate of Pope Clement XIV and under Pope Pius VI he was secretary to several curial congregations between 1773 and 1787. Although he was only ordained to the priesthood in 1787, he became titular Patriarch of Antioch the following year; he became a cardinal on 1 June 1795. In his years as a cardinal della Somaglia played an important role as a negotiator with the revolutionary regime in France. Although he undoubtedly agreed with Pius VI’s 1791 condemnation of the French Revolution and was expelled from Rome when Napoleon’s army invaded in 1808, he was charged with the examination of the concordat with France several years later. This role served to taint della Somaglia’s reputation in the eyes of fellow zelanti cardinals. From 1814 he was Secretary of the Inquisition and Dean of the College of Cardinals in 1820.
In the 1823 conclave, della Somaglia was considered papabile. In 1826 he resigned the post of Secretary of State, but continued as Secretary of the Inquisition until his death in 1830. When he died, della Somaglia was the last cardinal still alive elevated by Pius VI. The McMahon family and the Samoan dynasty have been associated with the Somaglia bloodline for generations.
House of Orsini Family of Rome
The House of Orsini is an Italian noble family that was one of the most influential princely families in medieval Italy and Renaissance Rome. Members of the Orsini family include five popes: Stephen II (752–757), Paul I (757–767), Celestine III (1191–1198), Nicholas III (1277–1280), and Benedict XIII (1724–1730).
Prince Lelio Orsini is an owner of the Cleveland crime family and an owner of factions of the Israeli Mafia including the organization run by the international ecstasy trafficker and Israeli mobster Zeev Rosenstein. The Israeli Mafia are the primary ecstasy traffickers in the world, Belgium is the major supplier of ecstasy, and the company Merck literally created ecstasy. The Orsinis married the Holy Roman Rosenberg family which use the same rose on their coat of arms as the Orsinis and they married the Lowenstein-Wertheims creating the Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rosenbergs which also use roses on their coat of arms. All of these families along with the Mercks oversee the Rosicrucian Order which specializes in infiltrating and running pharmaceutical companies and the medical industry for the purpose of chemical warfare. Belgium is a major producer of ecstasy and the Orsini’s of Italy are married with the Belgian Ligne family with Isabella Orsini the wife of Prince Eduardo de Ligne. The Orsinis have a rose on their coat of arms and are married with the Rosenberg families of Austria and Germany which also have roses on their coat of arms. The Italian Orsini’s and German-Austrian Rosenbergs are managers of the secret society called the Rosicrucian Order or Order of the Rosy Cross which uses a rose for its symbol. The Rosicrucians are alchemists and alchemy is the manipulation of the mind and body through drugs and chemicals. Ecstasy is an alchemical drug and is often used for mind control and brainwashing. The Orsini’s and Rosenbergs work with the Merck family of Germany which has three roses on their coat of arms and they created and own Merck Group a pharmaceutical company. Merck Group patented the drug ecstasy also called MDMA in 1912. The Merck family also created Merck Fink Bank. Prince Alois-Konstantin of Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg recently worked as the director of Merck Finck & Co which is a private German bank that took over the Rothschild’s Austrian bank during WWII. That further explains why the Orsini’s are part owners of the Israeli Mafia. Prince Alois-Konstantin’s father was a Nazi and member of the Nazi Sturmabteilung, Roman Knight of Malta, Vatican Knight, Bavarian Knight, Habsburg Knight, and a Prussian-Nazi Knight. The Orsini’s basically established two Holy Roman nobilities with the Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and Orsini-Rosenberg families. The Orsini family of Italy are the owners of the Ursino Ndrangheta Mafia clan with Luigi Ursino a high ranking mafia boss and Giuseppe Ursino who ran a large drug trafficking network in Toronto, Canada until his recent arrest. Prince Domenico Napoleon Orsini is the official head of this family and a ruthless chemical terrorist. The Orsini’s married to the very large and influential Sanseverino family which have been nobles all over southern Italy. Today Prince Francesco Luca Costa Sanseverino of Bisignano is the head of this family and he resides in Hong Kong and manages Chinese Triad gangs which are involved in child trafficking networks. The Orsini’s are the owners of the Cleveland crime family which has a very close alliance with the Detroit Mafia. The Jewish rap producer Paul Rosenberg who is from Detroit works under the Cleveland crime family and he is the manager of Eminem whose official DJ is the producer and Israeli mobster The Alchemist. Rosicrucianism is a secret society of alchemists. The Orsini’s have an alliance with the Odescalchi family of Rome and sold them one of their palaces. Orsini is a ruthless family.
According to their own family legend, the Orsini are descended from the Julio-Claudian dynasty of ancient Rome. The Orsini carried on a political feud with the Colonna family for centuries in Rome, until it was stopped by Papal Bull in 1511. In 1571, the heads of both families married nieces of Pope Sixtus V as an act of reconciliation. Ironically the Colonna family also claims descent from the Julio-Claudian dynasty of ancient Rome.
The Orsini descend from Cajo Orso Orsini who lived c. 600 CE. Five popes are descended from him: Stephen II, Paul I, Celestine III, Nicholas III and Benedict XIII. Some members used the surname of Bobone-Orsini. One member by the name Bobone, lived during the early 11th century, father of Pietro, who was in turn father of Giacinto Bobone (1110–1198), who in 1191 became pope as Celestine III. One of the first great nepotist popes, he made two of his nephews cardinals and allowed his cousin Giovanni Gaetano (Giangaetano, died 1232) to buy the fiefs of Vicovaro, Licenza, Roccagiovine and Nettuno, which formed the nucleus of the future territorial power of the family.
The Bobone surname was lost with his children, who were called de domo filiorum Ursi. Two of them, Napoleone and Matteo Rosso the Great (1178–1246), considerably increased the prestige of the family. The former was the founder of the first southern line, which died out with Camillo Pardo in 1553. He obtained the city of Manoppello, later a countship, and was gonfaloniere of the Papal States. Matteo Rosso, called the Great, was the effective lord of Rome from 1241, when he defeated the Imperial troops, until 1243, holding the title of Senator. Two of his sons, and Napoleone, were also Senators. Matteo ousted the family’s traditional rivals, the Colonna family, from Rome and extended the Orsini territories southwards down to Avellino and northwards to Pitigliano. During his life, the family was firmly in the Guelph faction. He had some ten sons, who divided the fiefs after his deaths: Gentile (died 1246) originated the Pitigliano line and the second southern line, Rinaldo that of Monterotondo, Napoleone (died 1267) that of Bracciano, and another Matteo Rosso that of Montegiordano, from the name of the district in Rome housing the family’s fortress. The most distinguished of his sons was Giovanni Gaetano (died 1280): elected pope as Nicholas III, he named his nephew Bertoldo (d. 1289) as count of Romagna, and had two nephews and a brother created cardinals.
The line of Gravina, from the name of the eponymous city in Apulia, is the only existing line of the Orsini. It descends from Francesco (died 1456), a son of Count Carlo of Bracciano. Most of his fief was located in northern Lazio, but he entered in the Neapolitan orbit when in 1418 he was called by Sergianni Caracciolo to fight against the Angevine troops, which he defeated. By marriage, he obtained the title of Count of Gravina. He was made Duke of Gravina by King Alfonso, a title definitely assigned to his son Giacomo (died 1472), to which had been added the counties of Conversano, Campagna and Copertino. Two of Francesco’s sons, Marino (died 1471) and Giovanni Battista (died June 8, 1476), were respectively archbishop of Taranto and Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes.
The fourth duke, Francesco, was part of a conspiracy along with his brothers Giulio and Paolo against Cesare Borgia but were found out, and Francesco was strangled to death on 18 January 1503 along with his brother Paolo. One of Francesco’s nephews, Flavio Orsini, was created cardinal in 1565. The fifth duke, Ferdinando (died December 6, 1549), had all his fiefs confiscated by the Spaniards, but he regained them after a 40,000 scudi payment.
After the heirless death of Duke Michele Antonio (January 26, 1627), his lands passed to his cousin Pietro Orsini, count of Muro Lucano (died 1641). The latter’s nephew Pier Francesco, who had renounced the succession in favour of his brother Domenico to become a Dominican, was later elected pope with the name of Benedict XIII.
His successor raised Benedict XIII’s nephew, Prince Beroaldo Orsini, to the dignity of Prince Assistants to the Papal Throne (title held until 1958), after the emperor Charles VI had already, in 1724, made him a prince of the Holy Roman Empire. The last cardinal from the family was Domenico.
This branch of the family moved to Rome in the 18th century, where Duke Domenico (November 23, 1790 – April 28, 1874), married Maria Luisa Torlonia in 1823. In 1850, he was Minister of War and General Lieutenant of the Papal Armies, and also Senator of Rome.
The remaining princely family is represented by Prince Domenico Napoleone Orsini, Duke of Gravina (b. 1948). With no sons or male-line descendants, the heir to the dukedom of Gravina is his unmarried brother Don Benedetto Orsini (b. 1956), followed by his cousin Prince Lelio Orsini d’Aragona (b. 1981), whose mother is Princess Khetevan Bagration-Mukhransky.
It is recorded that Prince Domenico is the grey pope who directs the black and white.
====================================================
House of Conti di Segni (House of Bourbon)
The Conti di Segni (de Comitibus Signie, also known as Conti or De Comitibus for short) were an important noble family of medieval and early modern Italy. They came from Segni, Lazio. Many members of the family served as military commanders or religious leaders, including many cardinals and four popes.
Conti family, French branch of the house of Bourbon. The title of prince de Conti, created in the 16th century, was revived in favour of Armand I de Bourbon, prince de Conti (1629–66), who was a leader in the Fronde. He was the younger brother and rival of Louis II de Bourbon, prince de Condé (“the Great Condé”). Notable members of the Conti family include François-Louis de Bourbon, prince de Conti (1664–1709), who was a candidate for the Polish throne; and Louis-François de Bourbon, prince de Conti (1717–76), who served in the War of the Austrian Succession. The house of Conti became extinct with the death of Louis-François-Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Conti (1734–1814), who had distinguished himself in the Seven Years’ War.
The Conti di Segni (de Comitibus Signie, also known as Conti or De Comitibus for short) were an important noble family of medieval and early modern Italy originating in Segni, Lazio. Many members of the family acted as military commanders or ecclesiastical dignitaries, including many cardinals and four popes. During the Middle Ages, the Conti were notable, including four who became popes: Pope Innocent III (1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario de’ Conti, was the head of the Catholic Church from 8 January 1198 to his death in 1216. Pope Gregory IX (1227–1241), born Ugolino di Conti Pope Alexander IV (1254–1261), born Rinaldo di Conti Pope Innocent XIII (1721–1724), born Michelangelo di Conti
The Italian Mafia is set up all over the United States and in almost every major city. They are also involved with most of the casinos in US which they use to launder their criminal profits. They also run prostitution rings which often go hand in hand with casinos. One of the most profitable states is in Texas because it is along the Mexican border. Corrupt Texas authorities claim that the Dallas crime family is inactive however this is not the case. Even with the weakening of the Dallas crime family other mafia associates would take over this prosperous territory and they have. Joseph Civello was the top boss until the 1970’s of the Dallas Mafia sharing a similar name with the Civella crime family of Kansas City. It is the House of Torlonia that are the Princes of Civetella-Cesi similar to the name Civella which ran the Kansas City crime family. The Torlonia family own the Kansas City crime family and have part ownership over the criminal operations in Austin and Dallas. The Torlonia family are intermarried with the Spanish House of Bourbon with Princess Beatriz of Spain and Don Marco Torlonia the 6th Prince of Civitella-Cesi who died in 2014. The Bourbon family are the primary owners of the Mexican drug cartels. Don Marco’s son Prince Giovanni Torlonia is the current head of the Torlonia family along with his brother Prince Marino Torlonia. The Torlonia family’s connection with Spain is important because the Spanish House of Bourbon are the primary owners of the Mexican drug cartels and the Mexican Mafia. The Torlonia family share ownership over some criminal enterprises like the Juarez Cartel. The Italian Mafia and cartels use proxies gangs to do their dirty work like the Mexican Mafia, Aryan Brotherhood of Texas, and street gangs like MS13. Count Alessandro Lecquio-Torlonia has connections with both Spain and Italy and he is also a top member of the House of Torlonia. About a thousand years ago the Conti di Segni family settled a branch in Conty, France which merged with the Bourbons and married in with the French Savoy family branch and La Tremoille family that were the Princes of Taranto. This family moved back to Italy as the Torlonia’s becoming the Vatican’s bankers. The Conti and Contini families had ruling families in Venice as well. The Torlonia family represent the ancient Conti di Segni family today.
The Torlonia family are also the owners of the Pittsburgh crime family or LaRocca crime family. Their Jewish white collar criminal billionaire front man is Mark Cuban who is from Pittsburgh and he moved to Dallas and became the owner of the Dallas Mavericks. Mark Cuban is involved in ordering games to be rigged for the mafia’s fixed bets. Sports are rigged for the mafia’s bets. The Pittsburgh crime family is headed up by Thomas Ciancutti today who may have some command over the Kansas City faction. Gregorio Conti founded the Pittsburgh crime family and the Torlonia family are partly a continuation of the Conti di Segni family. Pope Innocent III or Lotario dei Conti di Segni authorized the Roman Catholic Franciscan Order and it was the Franciscan Priest Garcia de San Francisco that founded Juarez, Mexico and established the first European settlement there which is where the Juarez Cartel originated from and operates from today. Junipero Serra was also a Franciscan priest who helped establish Tijuana settlements where the Tijuana Cartel operates from. The House of Torlonia launder their criminal profits from their US crime families and Mexican drug cartels in Vegas casinos. The word casino is an Italian term derived from the noble families running gambling events out of their casas or houses. The Torlonia family are owners of the Franciscan Order and Juarez is their territory since their Franciscans founded its first European settlement. The Torlonia family are part owners of the Juarez Cartel and their fascist La Linea death squads. The Boncompagni-Ludovisi family of Rome are also part owners in the mafia’s Texas operations specifically in Austin and the Dallas crime family is still in operation managed by Civella associates and other various crime families. The Boncompagni family own the Bonanno crime family which were allied with the Cerrito crime family and I believe they covertly moved to Austin, Texas. Bon-Compagni means Good Fellows a term for made men in the mafia. Prince Nicolo Boncompagni of Rome is the head of this princely family and is married to Rita Jenrette of Texas. The Sforza-Cesarini family has married with the Velasco noble family of Spain with Don Guillermo Maria Miguel Fernandez of Velasco and Balfe married to Princess Carolina Sforza-Cesarini. Velasco, Texas is named after a Mexican General and relative of the Velasco family which ruled as Dukes in Spain. Luis de Velasco was the Viceroy of New Spain ruling from Mexico City.
Las Vegas is a Spanish word and means “the meadows.” Vegas was Spanish-Mexican territory before it became part of the United States and was likely named in honor of the Vega family of Spain represented today by Inigo of Arteaga and Martin the XXVIII Lord of the House of La Vega. I believe Caesars’ Palace hotel and casino in Vegas is named in honor of the Sforza-Cesarini family. The mafias are involved in most casinos in the United States and use them for money laundering and gambling rackets using fixed bets and rigged slot machines. The Jesuit Xavier University educated James Zenni Jr. is a founder and owner of Z Capital Group which owns Affinity Gaming with casinos in Vegas including Silver Sevens Casino. The Black Nobility and Ferrari family have the Eldorado Resorts owned by their Carano family agents which also own Ferrari-Carano vineyards and winery. Eldorado Resorts owns various casinos through out the United States including the Isle of Capri in Kansas City. The billionaire Fertitta family own Station Casinos which includes about 20 casinos in the United States. The owners of mafias use their influence to prop up businessmen who then covertly work with and enable mafias. MGM was established by the Pallavicini front man Kirk Kerkorian who also built Caesars Palace. MGM is headed up by CEO James Murren who received a Trinity College grant for Cesare Barbieri Center to conduct research in Rome, Italy. The Melzi family are the Dukes of Lodi today and they possessed the Villa Melzi d’Eril in Bellagio, Italy currently owned by the Gallarati Scotti family through their marriage with the Melzi d’Eril family. Bellagio, Italy gives the name to the Bellagio hotel and casino in Vegas. Don Pedro Enriquez d’Azevedo and Toledo of Spain was Governor of Milan and appointed Luigi Melzi as Lieutenant Royal and granted them a fiefdom in Magenta, Italy. Duke Benigno Melzi d’Eril is the current head of this family. Excalibur Hotel and Casino is owned by MGM and takes its name from the Legend of Arthur in British mythology. The Wellesley family are British peers and were also granted titles of Dukes of Ciudad Rodrigo, Spain for fighting against the French for the Spanish Crown.
House of Chigi-Albani Della Rovere
Palazzo Chigi has been the seat of the Italian Government since 1961 and is located in one of the most famous areas of Rome’s historic centre: along via del Corso, almost halfway between Piazza del Popolo and Piazza Venezia. The entrance is on Piazza Colonna, which takes its name from the two-thousand-year old Column of Marcus Aurelius that stands in front of the main door.
PRINCELY HOUSE OF CHIGI ALBANI DELLA ROVERE
H.S.H. Prince / Furst Don Agostino Chigi Albani Della Rovere.
(Prince of The Holy Roman Empire)
The Chigi-Albani Della Rovere family is one of the most evil bloodlines on the planet and their motivation is bombing the world in a nuclear holocaust. They were major architects of World World II. The Chigis are Zio-Nazis. They are both Zionists and Nazis. Their primary job is turning people in society into psychopathic sadists. Prince Mario Chigi-Albani Della Rovere is a high level prince of Rome and him and his son Prince Flavio Chigi-Albani Della Rovere are controlling the Albanian Mafia and they often command the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Prince Mario Chigi-Albani della Rovere was investigated in Italy involving the tax evasion of hundreds of thousands and using offshore accounts in Liechtenstein. Mario Chigi was also charged with violating environmental restrictions at the resort he owns and media reports claim he was “sentenced to a year in prison in 2016” however his son Prince Flavio Chigi got off on all criminal charges. The Chigi family are mobsters. Prince Mario claims he is god and tortures people relentlessly until they submit to him. He wants people to beg him for mercy. The Chigis are one of the most psychotic and militant families on the planet. The Albani family originated in Alban Hills and later migrated to Albania giving Albania its name. The House of Zogu serve the Italian royals and nobles. The Chigi family ruled in Siena around the time the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena or BMPS was established which is still in operation today along with its charity subsidiary Fondazione Monte dei Paschi di Siena which is involved in making pay offs disguised as bad loans. BMPS has about 140 billion in assets. I believe that the Chigi family have an ancient Babylonian-Chaldean ancestry and their name derives from the Hebrew word Shigionoth. The Chigi papal coat of arms has 6 hexagrams on it. The Hexagram has Babylonian origins. The Chigis have some authority over the Jewish Walton family which use the six pointed star on their Walmart logo. The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem is headquartered at the Palazzo Della Rovere in Rome and was established there by Fabio Chigi or Pope Alexander VII. After migrating out of Babylon the Albani family were likely the Albia Roman gente clan. The Jewish billionaire Baron Alan Sugar is an agent of the Chigis and he lives in Chigwell, Essex. The Chigis currently have numerous members of their family who are concealed. Marchese Nicolo Cavalcanti di Verbacaro is an Italian noble and his mother was a Chigi-Albani Della Rovere and he is a part owner of the DeCavalcante crime family of New Jersey. The founder of the Cavalcante di Verbacaros was a Knight of Malta. The Chigis are also related to the Incisa Della Rochetta family with Marchese Niccolo Incisa Della Rochetta. The Chigis also married with the Rocco di Corneliano family which produced Knights of Malta and Catholic Cardinals.
The Chigi family are a second level nobility in Rome or deputies or stewards to the Colonnas and Massimos which are basically Vatican or Roman royalty and the Chigis often manage the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in service to them. The Chigis are the Princes of Farnese and they also manage the Italian royals the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and House of Bourbon-Parma which are continuations of the Farnese family. The Italian Prime Minister resides in the Palazzo Chigi today. The Chigi family are using their authority over secret societies and the Albanian Mafia to persecute people that the Black Nobility have declared as heretics. The Chigis married with the German House of Sayn-Wittgenstein and have some authority over German families like the Sayn-Wittgensteins and Wittelsbachs. The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre is located at the Della Rovere Palazzo and the Wittelsbachs are knights of the Holy Sepulchre. The Sayn-Wittgensteins are also married with the Bavarian Wittelsbachs. Prince Ludovico Chigi-Albani della Rovere was the Grandmaster of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta during WWII and married Princess Anna Aldobrandini who had Rochefoucauld French noble ancestry. Prince Ludovico’s mother was Princess Antoinette of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn. Dominique Prince de La Rochefoucauld-Montbel is currently a member of the Sovereign Council of the Order of Malta. It was really the Sovereign Military Order of Malta that orchestrated WWII and manipulated all sides of the war. The Nazi Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen was a Vatican knight and believed to be a Knight of Malta. Baron Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager is the current Grand Chancellor of the Order of Malta which is headquartered in Rome. The Boeselager are a German nobility and Baron Georg von Boeselager and Albrecht’s father Baron Philipp von Boeselager were Nazis who were involved in the fake plot to assassinate Hitler known as Operation Valkyrie. The Order of Malta are a military council and engineered various wars through out history including WWI and WWII. There was also a holocaust in Albania during WWII carried out on ethnic groups in Albania like the Slavs. The Albanian Mafia are extremely violent and have human trafficking networks going into Italy, Germany, and the Mid East.
The Chigi family along with the other Black Nobility are trying to carry out a holocaust in the United States. These people are extremely dangerous and ruthless and have absolutely no regard for human life. The Black Nobility should be the ones at the top of the terrorist watch list and have bounties on their heads. Prince Mario’s son Prince Flavio Chigi-Albani actively manages the Albanian Mafia like the Rudaj Organization and Albanian Boys. The Shkrelis are an Albanian clan with Martin Shkreli a hedge fund manager that was convicted of fraud. The Shkreli family also owns Alba Construction in New York headed up by a different Martin Shkreli. The mafia specializes in infiltrating businesses through construction where they build hidden passageways into the buildings they construct. The Shkrelis work with both the Albanian Mafia and the Colombo crime family. . John Alite is a top Albanian boss with close ties with the Gambino crime family. Nardino Colotti is another top boss of the Rudaj Mafia. The Albanian Mafia are one of the most violent and ruthless criminal organizations in the world and do a lot of the dirty work for La Cosa Nostra especially human trafficking. An Albanian mobster named Ergest Mati often works under the Chigi-Albani della Roveres and he is involved with underage prostitution, drug trafficking, armed robberies, gambling rackets, and other violent crimes. He is somewhat related to the Mattei papal nobility. The Hellbanianz are a London based Albanian Mafia with operations in the US. The Jewish-Albanian rapper Action Bronson oversees the Hellbanianz and Albanian Boys in the US and he works under Prince Harry and the Massimo di Roccaseccas of London. Many Albanian immigrants came into the United States after the war in Kosovo and many members of the Albanian Mafia were raised from this violence. Prince Leka II of Albania works as an adviser for the President of Albania and is knighted under the House of Savoy and House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. The Clintons bombed Yugoslavia to help the Albanian mafia in taking over there. Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena has donated to the Clinton Foundation. The Clintons are close friends with the Rothschilds which are married to the Aldobrandinis and they are married with the Chigis. The Albanian Mafia are hardcore gangsters and working on carrying out a Nazi style holocaust in the United States under orders from Rome as a means to get rid of any resistance.
Prince Mario Chigi-Albani Della Rovere is a high authority in Rome and he is the primary owner of the Albanian Mafia which are an international crime syndicate. Prince Mario is also a military commander over the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and his ancestor Prince Ludovico Chigi-Albani della Rovere was the Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta during WWII. Prince Mario has a major god complex which is why the other Roman nobles used their influence to have him investigated for money laundering in Liechtenstein and later had him arrested and convicted for violating environmental laws. Prince Mario Chigi is a blasphemous sub human that claims to be god and thinks he is the head of the Black Nobility but in reality he serves the Massimo family. The Massimos and Gaetanis also took over most of the Albanian Mafia in New York through the Gambinos and have the Gotti-Agnello brothes managing the Albanian Mob today. The Chigis still manage and profit from some Albanian Mafias in Albania and still partly manage the Albanian Mob in New York as well as the Hellbanianz and the Albanian Boys gang. Prince Mario is a disrespectful, lying, apathetic and murderous tyrant with zero conscience.
The prince suspected of having distracted the tax system about 400 thousand euros.
According to investigators, in order to divert the gains achieved in Italy, and to elude the chain of fiscal controls, the Chigi family, “fictitious residents” in Bulgaria, had established two offshore companies in Liechtenstein. The two companies, although the economic activity was carried out in Italy, invoiced services to national and foreign tour operators: the proceeds were thus diverted to the current accounts of tax havens. In that case it was an alleged evasion of 30.5 million euros and a concealment of VAT of 1.9 million euros, in addition to a round of false invoices of about 2.2 million euros. Nothing to do with the 400 thousand euro evasion disputed currently by the prosecutor of Rome.
Flavia Domitilla Chigi della Rovere Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano (Chigi della Rovere)
Wife of Carlo Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano
Mother of Private; Private User; Private User and Private User
Sister of Mario Lodovico Principe Chigi Albani della Rovere
Carlo Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano (Piacenza , 4 February 1902 – Rome , 30 April 1994) was an Italian general, commander of the ACISMOM military corps from 1944 to 1980.
Son of Count Camillo Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano and his wife, Caterina Taffini d’Acceglio, Carlo was brother of the future cardinal Mario Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano, as well as grandson of cardinal Giovanni Battista Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano.
After completing his studies in Piacenza, he decided to pursue a military career. He was a member of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and took part in the Second World War. During the German occupation he transformed a hospital of the Order into a partisan assistance center and earning a Silver Medal for Military Valor.
In 1944 he was appointed commander of the ACISMOM Military Corps, succeeding the Marquis Giuseppe Trionfi and remained in office for almost forty years.
He married the noblewoman Flavia Domitilla Chigi Albani della Rovere in 1944 in Rome, from whom he had the following heirs:
Camillo (1945-), married Nicoletta Barbasetti di Prun
Saverio (1947-), married Alessandra Spalletti Trivelli
Maria Ludovica (1948-), married Carlo Selvaggi
Caterina (1951-), married Francesco Tuccimei
Princess Anna Chigi-Albani Della Rovere on the right and she is a ruthless witch. Princess Anna has four cousins which are Count Camillo, Count Saverio, Countess Maria Ludovica, and Countess Caterina of the Rocco di Corneliano family.
Princess Ismene Chigi-Albani Della Rovere with the German Princess Beatrice von Hohenlohe. Princess Ismene is the ex wife of Prince Mario and mother of Prince Flavio and Princess Anna.
Prince Mario Chigi and his current wife Princess Donatella
Abusive development, one year for the prince
A year of imprisonment for abusive subdivision, committed according to the accusation within his international camping Country Club Castelfusano in violation of archaeological, environmental and landscape constraints that protect the reserve of the Roman coast, near Ostia. It is the sentence handed down yesterday by the Rome judge to the eighty-six year old prince Mario Chigi, who will also have to pay a fine of 35 thousand euros. The sole director of the company that owns the campsite, Michelangelo Cavalcanti di Verbicaro, was sentenced to the same penalty. Flavio Chigi, Mario’s son, was acquitted. For all three defendants the prosecutor had asked for three years.
Prince Flavio Chigi-Albani Della Rovere with his wife Carlotta Loverini Botta and she manages blond haired Nazi female gang stalkers. Prince Flavio is a top owner of the Albanian Mafia and a commander over many blond haired Nazi supremacists. Prince Flavio is loyal to higher level Roman nobles which is why he was not convicted for environmental crimes. When lower level nobles and royals like Prince Vittorio and Prince Mario try to assert control over Rome the other Black Nobility shut them down and had them imprisoned.
Carlotta Loverini Botta
Married to “Flavio” Francesco Chigi Albani della Rovere
Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA (BMPS) claims the title as the world’s oldest bank, operating without break since 1472. BMPS, the holding company for the MPS Group of banks, is also one of Italy’s top five banks and ranks among the top 50 throughout Europe. The MPS banking group operates from more than 1,800 branches in Italy, with total assets of more than EUR 120 billion.
Case Study: Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena
Corriere Della Sera published a partial list of MPS debtors and, as non-performing loans have been the core issue of MPS vulnerability, it is interesting to see how MPS reached a bad ratio of non-performing loans. According to Gerevini, Antonio Muto, a famous real estate businessman in Italy, received 27 million euros to build hotels and cars parks in Mantova. 13 million euros were invested in the project while 14 million euros seem to have disappeared.
Italian prosecutors are trying to understand why MPS allocated loans to its clients. What needs to be clarified is whether MPS calculated and took into account risks in distributing its loans. Or, as it has been accused of, MPS management distributed loans neglecting any normal risk control in order to satisfy personal and political interests.
Monte dei Paschi di Siena’s claim to be the world’s oldest surviving bank dates to its origins in 1472 in the Tuscan city from which it derives its name.
In the intervening 544 years, the prospects of the bank and the city of Siena became entwined.
Agostino Andrea Chigi (29 November 1466[1] – April 11, 1520) was an Italian banker and patron of the Renaissance.
Born in Siena, he was the son of the prominent banker Mariano Chigi, a member of an ancient and illustrious house.[2] He moved to Rome around 1487, collaborating with his father.
Chigi Family, a Sienese family that rose from banking in the 13th century to princely rank in papal Rome and in the Holy Roman Empire in the 17th century.
The princely family is represented by Prince Mario Chigi Albani della Rovere, Prince of Farnese (b. 1929), whose heir is Prince Flavio Chigi Albani della Rovere (b. 1975)
The origins of the Albani family can be found in the figure of the condottiere Michele Laçi (Italian: Lazi or de ‘Lazi) and his two sons Filippo and Giorgio, who had fought against the Ottoman Turks alongside Giorgio Castriota Scanderbeg in Albania
They took the surname Albanesi, in homage to the place of origin of the ancestors, who then changed to Albani.
Alba Longa (occasionally written Albalonga in Italian sources) was an ancient city of Latium[1] in central Italy
TOMMASO DELL’ERA (Viterbo) investigated the character of interethnic relations during the Italian occupation of Albania, and the persecution of local Jews and Slavs.
Prince Ludovico Chigi-Albani Della Rovere the Grandmaster of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.
Fra’ Ludovico Chigi della Rovere-Albani (10 July 1866 – 14 November 1951) was the 76th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1931 to 1951.
Chigi was born in Ariccia, the son of Imperial Prince Mario Chigi Della Rovere Albani (1832-1914) and his wife, Princess Antoinette zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (1839-1918).[1]
On 5 June 1893, in Rome, Chigi married Donna Anna Aldobrandini, daughter of Pietro, Prince Aldobrandini, Prince di Sarsina, and of his wife, Françoise de La Rochefoucauld.[1]
Under his leadership, the order engaged in large-scale hospitaller and charitable activities during World War II.
Prince Dominique Rochefoucauld-Montbel is the current Grand Hospitaller of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. The Chigis are basically married with the Rochefoucaulds. Prince Dominique is a French noble with Bavarian titles of nobility under the House of Wittelsbach.
Grand Hospitaller, H.E. Dominique Prince de La Rochefoucauld-Montbel, Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion in Obedience
Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein (14 August 1916 – 21 January 1944) was a German night fighter pilot and flying ace during World War II.
The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
Its headquarters are situated at Palazzo Della Rovere
The current name was added during the reign of Pope Alexander VII, who moved here the Papal confessors known as penitenzieri. It formerly housed the Hotel Columbus and it is still the headquarters of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre.
Pope Alexander VII (13 February 1599 – 22 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from 7 April 1655 to his death in 1667.[1][2]
Lucrezia Lante Della Rovere with her mother Marina Ripa di Meana. Lucrezia is an Italian actress and noble from the Lante Della Rovere family. Her mother’s second husband was a noble and a member of the EU as well as a communist. The Lante Della Roveres also married with the Blanc noble family which lived in Florida and were Knights of the Cuban Association of the Order of Malta. Lucrezia Lante Della Rovere is an insolent witch and child murdering cannibal who thinks because she is a woman that she can get away with killing children. She cant and wont and she will be getting scraped out of existence for her crimes.
Carlo Ripa di Meana (15 August 1929[1] – 2 March 2018)[2][3] was an Italian politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament, a European Commissioner with portfolio for the environment and was environment minister of Italy.
In the period 1953-56, he directed in Prague, on behalf of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), the International Student Union’s newspaper, World Student News. In Prague he also met Bettino Craxi. In 1957 he was made bookseller for Feltrinelli.
In the 60s Ripa di Meana joined the Italian Socialist Party and he came in its Central Committee.
Spouse(s)
Marina Ripa di Meana
(m. 1982; died 2018)
The Cuban Association Of The Sovereign Military Order Of Malta
Otto Von Felgenblatt, Leonardo Di Monte, Connie Balboa & Lodovico Blanc, Baron de Blanc.
Lavinia Lante Montefeltro Blanc (della Rovere)
Mother of Baron Lodovico Blanc
Prince Max of Sayn-Wittgenstein is a high level German noble. The Sayn-Wittgenstein family have married with the House of Chigi-Albani Della Rovere.
Karl Wittgenstein (April 8, 1847 – January 20, 1913) was a German-born Austrian steel tycoon of Jewish origin. A friend of Andrew Carnegie, with whom he was often compared, at the end of the 19th century he controlled an effective monopoly on steel and iron resources within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and had by the 1890s acquired one of the largest fortunes in the world.[1]
Rather, Ludwig Wittgenstein’s great-grandfather, Moses Meyer, was the land agent for the Sayn-Wittgenstein’s. In 1808, when Germany was under Napoleonic rule, Jews were compelled by law to adopt a fixed surname, instead of identifying themselves by patronymic, and Moses Meyer took his employers’ name as his own. His son, Hirsch Moses Meyer, six years old at the time, was henceforth known as Hermann Wittgenstein; when he converted to Protestantism, in his thirties, he added the middle name Christian.
The Walmart logo uses a six pointed star and the Waltons are Jewish-Zionists. Several members of the Walton family are also Jesuits. The Chigis are managers of the Jesuits as Vatican royalty and they also oversee the Walton family. The Waltons are worth about 150 billion. The Chigis papal coat of arms has 6 hexagrams the primary symbol for Zionism.
Chigi papal coat of arms with 6 hexagrams on it.
Chigwell is a town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England.
Baron Alan Sugar is a British-Jewish billionaire from Chigwell and he is an agent of the Chigis.
Chigwell’s most famous resident is Lord Alan Sugar, who owns a mansion in Chigwell Village
Alan Michael Sugar, Baron Sugar (born 24 March 1947) is a British business magnate, media personality, politician and political adviser.[5][6] According to the Sunday Times Rich List, Sugar became a billionaire in 2015. In 2016 his fortune was estimated at £1.15bn, ranking him as the 95th richest person in the UK.[2] In 2007, he sold his remaining interest in the consumer electronics company Amstrad, his largest business venture.[7]
Sugar was born in Hackney, East London, into a Jewish family.[8]
Marchese Niccolo Incisa Della Rochetta is related to the Chigi-Albani Della Rovere family through his grandmother Princess Eleanora Chigi-Albani Della Rovere. Marchese Niccolo traffics blood. Italian nobles often traffic blood through wine bottles and mix wine with blood and adrenochrome obtained from the mafia which torture people. The Rochettas are managed by the Gonzagas and Savoy-Aostas who are Princes of Piedmont where the Rochettas are nobles.
Mario Incisa della Rocchetta Incisa della Rocchetta
Immediate Family:
Son of Marchese Enrico Incisa della Rocchetta consignore di Rocchetta Tanaro and Princess Eleonora Chigi della Rovere Albani
Husband of Nobile Clarice della Gherardesca
Father of Donna Orietta Incisa della Rochetta and Marchese Don Niccoló Incisa della Rocchetta
The history of the Monferrato area and that of Marchesi Incisa della Rochetta, a family whose origins date back to before the eleventh century, are very closely linked. For centuries, their family has owned vineyards and produced its own wine, an activity most likely started by the Benedictine monks, who were given the right, by the family, to plant vines in the hills of their property in Rocchetta Tanaro.
Princess Priscilla Incisa Della Rochetta the wife of Prince Heinrich of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn. The Chigis and Rochettas are both intermarried and both married with the Sayn-Wittgensteins.
Heinrich, Hereditary Prince zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (born 1971) married in 2003 Donna Priscilla Incisa della Rocchetta (born 1975),[6] daughter of Don Niccolo, Marchese Incisa della Rocchetta, and they have issue.
Marchese Nicolo Cavalcanti di Verbicaro on the far left. Prince Mario Chigi’s half sister married with the Cavalcanti di Verbicaros which are part owners of the DeCavalcante crime family in New Jersey along with the Aldobrandini family which the Chigi family are married with. The Aldobrandinis are the primary owners of the DeCavalcante crime syndicate with the Cavalcante di Verbicaros as part owners and managers.
Curzio Cavalcanti (* Cosenza 27-VII-1571 †?), Patrician of Cosenza, bought the fiefdom of Verbicaro with San Biagio with Royal Assent of 16-XI-1629 (e.g. Naples 10-VII-1630), through the nominee Angelo de Matera, by Antonio Castellar for the sum of 40,500 ducats; Knight of the Order of Malta since 1587.
Guido (* Florence 21-X-1928 † Rome 19-V-1985)
= Rome 27-X-1958 Antonietta Clarice Chigi Albani della Rovere, daughter of Prince Don Francesco of Anna Maria Torlonia of the Dukes of Poli and Guadagnolo (* Rome 24-VII-1931 † ibid. 18-X-2004) (see / see)
L1. Nicolò (* Rome 12-X-1959)
Simone Rizzo DeCavalcante Jr is a boss and consiglieri of the DeCavalcante crime family of New Jersey and he operates from Florida.
The DeCavalcante crime family is an Italian-American organized crime family that operates in Elizabeth, New Jersey[1] and surrounding areas in the state, and is part of the nationwide criminal network known as the American Mafia. It operates on the opposite side of the Hudson River from the Five Families of New York, but it maintains strong relations with many of them, as well as with the Philadelphia crime family and the Patriarca crime family of New England. Its illicit activities include bookmaking, cement and construction violations, bootlegging, corruption, drug trafficking, extortion, fencing, fraud, hijacking, illegal gambling, loan-sharking, money laundering, murder, pier thefts, pornography, prostitution, racketeering, and waste management violations.
“The big guys don’t take a cut in this business — they run it,” said the man, who gave his name as Luan and acknowledged that he previously made his living from trafficking women and girls into Kosovo against their will so that they could be forced to have sex with paying customers. “The system is highly organized and there’s no police or anything to stop it. Everything is corruption from top to bottom.” Every day, an enterprise of trafficking women thrives in this country.
interviewed three men involved in sex trafficking in Kosovo, two Albanians, and Luan, a Kosovar Albanian. All three men insisted that some senior political figures, specifically former KLA commanders, were indeed involved in the trafficking of women and girls.
Prince Leka of Albania is the head of the Albanian royal family and he is knighted under the House of Savoy and House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. Prince Leka is a co-owner of various Albanian Mafias.
Prince Leka of Albania (Leka Anwar Zog Reza Baudouin Msiziwe Zogu, born 26 March 1982) is the only child of the first Leka, Crown Prince of Albania, and Susan Cullen-Ward. Prince Leka was an official at the Albanian Ministry of Interior and in the past has served as an advisor at the Albanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Presidency. The prince is referred by some Albanian monarchists as King Leka II since the death of his father, whom they referred to as Leka I. On 30 November 2011, he succeeded as head of the House of Zogu, titular King of the Albanians upon the death of his father.
Italian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cordon of the Royal Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus[15][16]
Two Sicilian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Francis I[17]
Organized crime gangs, like the Albanian mafia, are “fueling the surge in violent crime in London” as a result of importing Class A drugs into Britain, leading to turf wars on the streets, claims a top UK law enforcement official.
The Albanian mafia is one of the UK’s largest criminal groups. They have stakes in human trafficking and the heroin trade and also conduct armed robberies, Albanian-born gangsters were involved in the £53 million ($71m) Securitas heist of 2006, thought to be behind the biggest cash robbery in UK history.
The House of Mattei was one of the most powerful noble families of Rome during the Middle Ages and early modern era, holding high positions in the papal curia and government office.
Mat District (Albanian: Rrethi I Matit) was one of the thirty-six districts of Albania
This is a notorious convicted Albanian gangster seen smirking as he laughs at justice from jail.
Tristen Asllani, who is serving a 25-year sentence for drugs and firearms offenses, stands defiantly in his cell, believed to be in Wandsworth Prison.
He and another unknown man are seen in images posted on an Instagram account called My Albanian in Jail.
They are thought to be members of an east London gang known as the Hellbanianz.
The Rudaj Organization is the Albanian mafia in the New York City metro area, named for the man accused of being its kingpin, Alex Rudaj of Yorktown, New York. The Rudaj Organization, called “The Corporation” by its members, was started in 1993 in Westchester and spread to the Bronx and Queens. Prosecutors say the Albanian gang was headed by Alex Rudaj and an Italian named Nardino Colotti who both had ties to the late Gambino soldier Phil “Skinny” Loscalzo.
Alex Rudaj the imprisoned former boss of the Albanian Mafia in New York.
The Chigi family (IPA: /kid͡ʒi/) is a Roman princely family of Sienese extraction
Prince Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere (July 10, 1866 – November 14, 1951), son of Prince Mario and Antoinette, was Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1931 to 1951. In 1893 he married Donna Anna Aldobrandini
Princess Olimpia Anna Aldobrandini, also a non-lineal descendant of Napoleon on her mother’s side, married into the Rothschild family.
Bill Clinton with Evelyn de Rothschild. Clinton was Jesuit educated from Georgetown and he is not even a Roman Catholic. Clinton and NATO bombed Yugoslavia claiming the Serbs were murdering Albanians which appears to be based on the Serbian Mafia at war with the Albanian Mafia in Yugoslavia and the Clintons took the side of the Albanian Mafia in service to the Chigis. That is why the Albanian Mafia became more powerful after the NATO bombings of Yugoslavia which killed thousands of civilians. Prior to this the Clintons brought in large amounts of Albanian refugees which included many Albanian mobsters like Ergest Mati. What these “Albanian Refugees” did was leave Kosovo and collected refugee money from various nations like Greece and Macedonia before migrating to the United States where they would often collect $30,000 per person on top of the tens of thousands they collected from other nations. I know this because they bragged about it. The Clintons basically brought the Albanian Mafia into the United States and paid them each tens of thousands of dollars, and then bombed their rivals the Serbian Mafia while also killing innocent civilians in the process. Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena has also donated to the Clinton Foundation.
Clinton Foundation Donors
The Monte dei Paschi di Siena $100,001 $250,000
The palazzo’s last occupant, Count Guido Chigi Saracini
In 1932 the Count granted part of the palazzo as the seat of the Accademia Musicale Chigiana, an international centre for advanced musical studies.
Since the Count’s death in 1965 the Accademia has continued to flourish, thanks also to prestigious sponsors such as the Monte dei Paschi di Siena Foundation and the Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena.
The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation’s (NATO) military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.
President Clinton’s Department of State also claimed Yugoslav troops had committed genocide. The New York Times reported, “the Administration said evidence of ‘genocide’ by Serbian forces was growing to include ‘abhorrent and criminal action’ on a vast scale. The language was the State Department’s strongest up to that time in denouncing Yugoslav President Slobodan Milošević.”[195] The Department of State also gave the highest estimate of dead Albanians. In May 1999, Defence Secretary William Cohen suggested that there might be up to 100,000 Albanian fatalities.”[196] Opinions in the popular press later criticized genocide statements by the Clinton administration as false and exaggerated.[197][198]
There has also been criticism of the campaign. The Clinton administration and NATO officials were accused of inflating the number of Kosovar Albanians killed by Serbs.[205][206]
Yugoslav estimate: 1,200–5,700 civilians killed[20]
And the Winner is . . . the Albanian Mafia
With the signing of peace treaties and the deployment of NATO peacekeeping forces in Kosovo, the time has come to crown a victor. While NATO may have achieved its objectives in the “war”—forcing Serbia to agree to remove its troops, allowing the Kosovars back into their homes, and establishing a peacekeeping force—the real winner is the Albanian mafia. It cost NATO about $5 billion to prosecute its air campaign, with the United States shouldering most of the burden. Peacekeeping efforts will cost at least an additional $3 billion a year, and in the days and years to come the victors will dole out about $50 billion for reconstruction. Not everyone, however, spent money. Scavenging amid the rubble of ethnic conflict, Albanian criminal clans known as fares, profited from the war and grew in breadth, depth, size, and influence. They extended their reach, entrenched themselves in government, and essentially usurped government authority. As a result of the fares’ success, Albania is left teetering on the edge of lawlessness and ungovernability.
The Albanian Boys, also known as the Albanian Bad Boys[1] or Albanian Boys Inc. is a gang of Albanians who operate in central Bronx.[2] The gang was founded in the Bronx, New York by immigrants who had come to the states after the Kosovo War.
Prince Mario Chigi-Albani Della Rovere the Prince of Farnese is a murderous psychopath
House of Colonna (Colombo Crime Family)
The Mafia is a cartel of organised crime, started by Francesco Colonna in Palermo Sicily that spread to Italy, with the hierarchic structure of the Roman Empire and Catholic Church. The Jesuits and S&B families control the drug trade from the 1800’s.
The House of Colonna, also known as Sciarrillo or Sciarra, is an Italian noble family, forming part of the papal nobility. It was powerful in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope (Martin V) and many other church and political leaders.
The mafia is a cult of Pluto, god of the underworld, wealth, Shadow, higher octave of Mars (Roman Empire) identical to elite families who control organised crime and global politics but use more overt violence (police and FBI also work for the elite crime families).
The Colonnas are an ancient Roman family whose history began nine hundred years ago. The very first documented member of the family was Pietro who lived between 1078 and 1108 in the countryside South of Rome, close to the town of Colonna from which the House derived its name.
Up to the present day there have been no less than 31 generations of the Colonna family, the main branch of which established itself from the beginning of 1200 on the slopes of the Quirinal Hill.
It was during that period that the Colonnas built their residences in the area of the present day Piazza SS. Apostoli, which within a short time developed into a veritable fortress. By the beginning of 1600 this massive structure had transformed itself into a grand Roman palace, which from then until the middle of the 1700’s was continually being restored and enlarged. From then until now Palazzo Colonna provides an impressive testimony to the history of the family from its first very adventurous centuries to the glamour and refinement of the later Baroque period. The stamp of so many famous artists who have honoured the Palace with their talents is still very much in evidence today. The Colonna Gallery is the prime example of this, evoking as it does a feeling of awe and excitement in many of today’s visitors.
Turning to important events of the family: the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries saw the first Colonna cardinals, Roman senators and military leaders who fought to assert and maintain the influence of the family during those turbulent times. In contrast there was also the mystical figure of Blessed Margherita (1255 – 1280), a contemporary and follower of St Francis. She was later beatified by Pope Pius IX in 1848.
During the 15th century the most important person by far in the family was Oddone Colonna. He became Pope Martin V at the end of the dark period of the Great Schism of the West which had split the papacy between Avignon and Rome. For almost a century Rome had been in a state of crisis with a power vacuum provoking violent armed clashes between rival families, the foremost of which were between the Colonna and the Orsini. Such clashes involved Pope Boniface VIII of the Caetani family who was a bitter enemy of the Colonnas. This was when Sciarra Colonna was involved in a famous scuffle with the Pope in his home town of Anagni in which he struck him in public and which became known as the ‘Schiaffo di Anagni’ (The Anagni Slap). However this was not an isolated incident as it also involved various other pontifical vicars who succeeded one another from the time of the Avignonese popes and also those from the period of Cola di Rienzo, all of whom allied themselves to the Orsini and hence were enemies of the Colonnas. The two families ruled over not only their respective quarters in Rome but also two large rural areas around the city; the North dominated by the Orsini and the South by the Colonnas. Both areas were garrisoned by the respective families and they controlled the major roads into Rome; the Appia, Prenestina e Casilina by the Colonna and the Flaminia, Salaria and Cassia by the Orsini.
Pope Martin V again made Rome the Apostolic Seat initiating a programme of sorely needed law and order together with some serious reconstruction in this badly run down city. The Roman Renaissance had in Martin V a truly illustrious representative. He commissioned the restoration of the four principal Roman Basilicas giving them the same degree of attention that he gave to the reorganization of the various pontifical departments. He nominated as his residence Palazzo Colonna which therefore then become the Apostolic Seat for eleven years.
In the second half of the 1400’s the family was faced with another Pope allied to the Orsini, Pope Sixtus IV of the della Rovere family. Rome was again plunged into a climate of bitter clashes between the various factions which continued unabated right up to and into the pontificate of the Borgia Pope, Alexander VI. This turbulent period was finally brought to an end through the patience and prolonged mediation of another Pope of the della Rovere family, Julius II, when he brokered a peace treaty between the Colonna and the Orsini. This accord, known as the ‘Pax Romana’(1511), finally concluded the bloody conflict between the two families which had lasted for more than two centuries. The heads of the two houses, Fabrizio I Colonna and Giulio Orsini, in the Pope’s presence and with representatives from the maximum number of the other noble families, solemnly swore to cease all hostilities. This binding pledge was signed and carried out in front of the altar and also included an agreement to forgive each other for all past offences.
The peace between the two families was cemented by the marriage between Marcantonio II Colonna and Felice Orsini. The parents of Marcantonio were Ascanio and Giovanna d’Aragona, the niece of Emperor Charles V. Such an illustrious connection revealed its usefulness during ‘The Sack of Rome’ when Imperial troops looted and set fire to whole areas of the city and put thousands to the sword. However during this prolonged pillage, Palazzo Colonna was not touched and in fact was able to offer asylum and protection to three thousand of its citizens including many Cardinals and the famous Isabella d’Este, Duchess of Mantua.
Ascanio’s sister was the poetess Vittoria Colonna. She was an intimate friend and muse of Michaelangelo and they had many meetings together at the Palace. They also exchanged letters and sonnets over a long period and it is clear she had a great influence on his work. So close was their friendship that Michaelangelo painted her in his famous Universal Judgment behind the altar of the Sistine Chapel. You can see her profile in the portrait of the woman above and to the right of Simone of Cirene, the one carrying the cross, close to the self-portrait of the painter.
The most prominent member of the family during that period was Marcantonio II, who crowned his adventurous life with the leadership of the Papal fleet at the famous battle of Lepanto against the Turkish fleet at which he triumphed. The subsequent prestige that this brought was rewarded by his nomination as Viceroy of Sicily by King Philip II of Spain.
One of the daughters of Marcantonio II and Felice Orsini was Costanza who befriended Caravaggio and became his protector from the very beginning and all through his rumbustious meteoric artistic career. During his time in Rome, Caravaggio was a frequent guest of palazzo Colonna and here he first sought refuge after his famous duel with Ranuccio Tomassoni which resulted in his opponent’s death. Costanza then organised his escape to Naples via a short stay at their Palace in Paliano just South of Rome.
During the course of the 1600’s the Colonnas consolidated their considerable influence in Rome and in the courts of both Spain and France. Filippo I, Cardinal Girolamo I and Lorenzo Onofrio, the husband of Maria Mancini Mazzarino, all contributed to the extension of important family connections through friendship, as opposed to what had previously been achieved through recourse to arms. This century also saw the restoration of the family’s palaces; a large expansion of their various collections; a greater use of the art of diplomacy and their important patronage of many artists.
There was also a renewed emphasis on ‘arranged marriages’, a shrewd policy that linked the family to a series of other illustrious houses. At the same time the Colonnas consolidated their faithful and loyal ties to the Holy See, now no longer hindered by those frequent violent forays and their Imperial bias of the past centuries.
This century also saw the complete restoration and transformation of Palazzo Colonna into a sumptuous Roman residence along with the construction of its magnificent Galleria Colonna.
In the 1700’s the most influential family members included: Fabrizio II, husband of Caterina Zeffirina Salviati who gave birth to no less than sixteen children. Amongst them were two future cardinals: Marcantonio and Pietro and their first born, Lorenzo II, who married Marianna d’Este. They together with their son Filippo III lived through another period of great change in the history of the family. Filippo once more took the necessary steps relevant at this time to maintain the influence and power of the family. He married Caterina Savoia Carignano and strengthened ties with both France and Spain. He was a faithful and loyal advisor to both Pope Pius VI and Pius VII, supporting them during the difficult period of the Napoleonic occupation of both the Pontifical State and Rome. He helped Pius VI militarily and gifted buildings to Pius VII for use as barracks. The ones in Rome were in Piazza della Pilotta next to Palazzo Colonna and they became the Gregorian University in 1930. Another was the castle at Paliano which later became a prison.
During the 1800’s we meet three brothers, sons of Giovanni Andrea Colonna and Isabella Alvarez de Toledo, who well illustrate the family’s vitality. The first born, Marcantonio, entered the service of the Holy See during the long pontificate of Pius IX in another difficult period which led up to the famous battle of Porta Pia in 1870. His brother, Fabrizio, was a cavalry general and Senator of the Kingdom of Italy and entered Rome with a troop of Savoy cavalry. Full of Catholic fervour, he represented the more liberal spirit of the family. The youngest brother, Prospero, became an administrator, entering local politics and was mayor of Rome for three terms of office. Together they started a new direction for the family, less formal and more in tune with the new social order of those changing times.
Among the many illustrious family members in the 20th century, the sons of Fabrizio and Olympia Doria Pamphilj merit special mention. One was Ascanio who was the Italian Ambassador in Washington during the Second World War and to whom fell the unenviable task of giving the despicable declaration of war by our country to President Roosevelt. On the same day he resigned his post, not wishing to represent the Kingdom of Italy and its reckless government. The other was Marcantonio who married Isabelle Sursock of Lebanese origin in 1908.
Donna Isabelle, as she then became known, occupied a prime position amongst the élite of Roman Society throughout her long life up to the 1980’s. She was a lady of great intelligence and power who defended and jealously guarded the artistic collection of the family through the darkest periods of both of the two World Wars. She and her husband were intensely loyal to the Holy See, so much so that she was given the rare honor of Vatican citizenship. She never abandoned ‘her’ Palace that she so profoundly loved and where she wove her diplomatic skills at the highest level, receiving Heads of State and Royalty from half the world. Narrowly escaping arrest by the Neofascists, she continued to always keep uppermost the interests and image of the family to which she was so proud to belong.
Through her vision and dedication, Palazzo Colonna was conserved and restored to its former glory and the family owes a profound debt of recognition to this great lady. She also instilled in both her children and grandchildren their great responsibility for its preservation. Her personal stamp on the Palace is seen especially in two splendid apartments dedicated to her: the Princess Isabelle Apartment and the Gallery Apartment. These are open to the public on Saturday mornings or privately on request every day of the Year.
House of Farnese Military Bloodline
The Farnese family officially established the Jesuits. Prince Mario Chigi-Albani Della Rovere the Prince of Farnese oversees Nazism, Zionism, Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre as well as the Jesuits and Pope.
Italian: [farˈneːze, -eːse]) was an influential family in Renaissance Italy. The titles of Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Duke of Latera and Duke of Castro were held by various members of the family. Its most important members included Pope Paul III, Alessandro Farnese (a cardinal), Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (a military commander and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands), and Elisabeth Farnese, who became Queen of Spain and whose legacy was brought to her Bourbon descendants.
Originally from Latium, the Farnese are first mentioned in the thirteenth century because of the fights between the quarrelsome feudal lords of the region. Men of arms and action, with no inclination for either diplomacy or politics, they distinguished themselves in the service of other, more powerful, families and managed to build up a considerable territory wedged in the Papal States, between lake Bolsena, the swampy coastland of Maremma and the Tyrrhenian sea, which Paul III later turned into the dukedom of Castro.
Paolo Farnese was the first representative of the house to enter the Church in 1482. In 1509, Pope Julius II granted Cardinal Alessandro Farnese the bishopric of Parma and several more investitures over a short period of time. Those appointments, together with his unscrupulous political manouvres, led the clever bishop to the papal throne on 13 October 1534, with the name of Paul III, the first and only pope in the Farnese family.
On 26 August 1545, Paul III separated the cities and territories of Parma and Piacenza from the Papal States and created a dukedom for his son Pier Luigi. Pier Luigi had an enemy in Charles V of Spain, who plotted his death with Ferrante Gonzaga, governor of Milan: on 10 September 1547 the duke was stabbed to death by a group of city nobles, who thus wanted to avenge the abuses of their new lord.
The murder was however pointless, since power remained in the hands of the Farnese family: Pier Luigi’s son Ottavio (1556-1586) transferred the capital of the dukedom from Piacenza to Parma, and after his death the two cities came under the rule of the warrior Alessandro (1586-1592), conqueror of the Flemish provinces which had rebelled against Madrid, and courageous commander in the crucial battle of Lepanto (1571). His successor, Ranuccio I (1592-1622), is best remembered for his cruelty: he ordered the public execution in Parma of more than one hundred people suspected of plotting against him (under Ranuccio I, the dukedom of Parma and Piacenza annexed the territories of Colorno, Sala Baganza and Montechiarugolo).
His son Odoardo (1622-1646) embarked on unsuccessful military campaigns, made the mistake of siding with the French against the Spanish, the pope’s traditional allies, and was powerless against the devastations caused by the plague, of which about 13,000 people in Piacenza died, and the incursions of Spanish and German mercenary troops.
The House of Farnese continued its decline under Ranuccio II (1646-1694), who lost the Castro territories, and Francesco (1694-1727), who married the German princess Dorotea Sofia of Neuburg. On his sudden death, he was succeeded by his brother Antonio (1727-1731), the last of the Farnese dukes, a portly man weighed down by the political and military games of the great European powers. The main branch of the dynasty died with him. In 1732, the dukedom of Parma and Piacenza came under the rule of Charles of Bourbon, son of Elisabetta Farnese, Queen of Spain, and Philip V.
House of Medici
For more than three centuries (1434-1737), the fabulously wealthy Medici family of Florence, Italy, was one of the most powerful and influential dynasties in Europe. Two popes and two queens came from the Medici line. Art lovers can thank the Medici for fostering and funding great Renaissance talents like Donatello, Botticelli and Michelangelo. And in Florence, which had a love/hate relationship with the Medici, you can hardly walk a block without running into a palace, church or museum that bears the Medici crest or drips with the family’s rich cultural inheritance.
The House of Medici was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that de facto ruled the city of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance. The Medici dynasty first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de’ Medici in the Republic of Florence during the first half of the 15th century. He ruled mostly from behind the scenes, using his vast fortune to control the Florentine political system and patron humanist arts and architecture.
The Medici family are called the Godfathers of the Renaissance because they laid the groundwork for cultural prosperity in Florence. Their major innovations in banking, art, and architecture persist today.
The Medici family is one of the most powerful and influential groups in European history. They innovated new banking systems and laid the groundwork to make Florence a cultural hotspot. Through their political strategy and patronage of major artists like Michelangelo, they created the High Renaissance. Such an extended family has a lot to talk about. Below are five highlights that outline the influence of the Medici family over hundreds of years.
The Medici Family Influence Lasted 500 Years, Producing Popes, Queens, And Artists
Italy wasn’t a unified nation when the Medici family’s power began. It was organized into city-states, contrary to surrounding nation-states like France. Some of these states were Siena, Venice, Naples, and Florence; the last of which is where the Medicis took hold.
The peak of their power lasted from 1434 to 1737, and produced figures who would extend their influence outside of Florence. These include four popes: Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV, and Leo XI. As well as two queens of France: Catherine de’ Medici and Marie de’ Medici.
The short answer is that they formed the largest bank in Europe in the 15th century, from 1397 to 1494.
Cosimo the Elder (1389-1464) established the Medici bank in Florence. He expanded it into other city-states, including Geneva, Venice, and Rome, where the Papal States would begin to work with his business. In his lifetime, he would eventually go on to establish branches in foreign cities like London, Bruges, and Lübeck. These branches made it easy for the Papacy to order goods across Europe, and for bishoprics to pay fees from afar.
Location is just one part of what made their bank prestigious. The Medici bank also developed some of the financial tools we still use today. They introduced Double Entry Bookkeeping, or the practice of recording a payer’s debits and credits in one log. This made it easier and more accurate to calculate one’s net worth.
Additionally, it was dangerous to send large sums of money payments across the continent to pay for foreign goods in this era. The Medici Bank fixed this by inventing Letters of Credit. In practice, this could look like an Englishman paying a London Medici Bank in pounds for an art piece from Florence. The Florentine bank would then produce a Letter of Credit to the artist as proof of future payment. Then, the artist can deliver the work, and take his payout of the bank in his own currency.
These achievements eventually helped the Medici family become the wealthiest in Europe
Their Art Patronage Earned Them The Nickname “Godfathers of the Renaissance”
What do the Sistine Chapel, the Duomo of Florence, and St. Peter’s Basilica all have in common? The Medici family helped develop all of them. Through a mixture of peace-harvesting policies, patronage, and sometimes personal relationships, they created an atmosphere for artists like Michelangelo to create masterpieces.
They Set A Peaceful State For Art To Flourish
Between Florence, Milan, Naples, and Rome, Florence was not the most militarily powerful nation. This made it vulnerable to conquering in a period when Italian city-states would fight for power between each other. However, the Medici family were also astounding diplomats.
Cosimo the Elder believed war was bad for trade and negotiated the end to a series of wars in Lombardy. This helped establish a mutual territory agreement between the states.
His successor, Lorenzo de’ Medici (1449-1492) ardently continued to keep the Treaty of Lodi alive, the document which Naples, Milan, and Florence signed to keep their peace. Lorenzo also earned the love of Florentine citizens by doing acts such as freeing and clothing galley slaves.
In fact, Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510) is said to have made the piece Pallas and the Centaur for him. Pallas Athena is the Goddess of Knowledge and wisdom, while the centaur represents humanity’s ferality. Lorenzo the Magnificent knew how to negotiate with Naples, even if Naples had a large army that could beat the Florentine’s. Yet, Lorenzo kept Florence independent and safe- Making Lorenzo Athena, and Naples the centaur.
On top of being a powerful political figure, he was one of the greatest Medici patrons. He funded several major artists, including Botticelli and Michelangelo.
Lorenzo De’ Medici Allowed Michelangelo To Live With Him Like His Own Son
Lorenzo met Michelangelo when he was a young teenager studying at the Academy of San Marco. According to Ascanio Condivi’s 1533 biography of Michelangelo, Lorenzo found him carving an ancient fawn stone head. He praised the young artist’s skill but also teased him by pointing out an error: that an old fawn would not have a full set of healthy teeth. So Michelangelo knocked off a few teeth and showed Lorenzo the piece again.
This mixture of quick skill and talent charmed Lorenzo, so he invited the young artist to live in his palace from 1490 to 1492. There, Michelangelo studied under the great Renaissance artist Donatello. He lived alongside Lorenzo’s sons, the future Pope Leo X and Pope Clement VII, who would commission his work for their Papal States in the future. So, when Lorenzo the Magnificent died in 1492, Michelangelo’s relationship with the family endured.
In 1508, Pope Julius II, a non-Medici, commissioned Michelangelo to paint the upper walls of the Sistine Chapel. There was a break of 25 years before Michelangelo would touch it again. When Pope Clement VII came into power, he brought Michelangelo back to the altar by asking him to paint The Last Judgment.
Donatello Made Statues Symbolic Of Medici Values
Cosimo the Elder commissioned Donatello’s most famous piece, the bronze David. He intended to place it in the Palazzo Medici courtyard in Florence. This was a major piece because it was the first freestanding bronze cast statue of the Renaissance era. It was also the first nude male statue in the area since those of Ancient Greece.
Donatello created Judith and Holofernes for the garden fountain of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, as well. It stood alongside the bronze David in front of Cosimo the Elder’s family palace in 1457.
Both David and Judith’s stories in the Bible are symbolic of underdogs overthrowing tyranny. Likewise, Florence viewed itself as tyrant slayers, standing powerful against their neighboring city states. Donatello effectively captured the core values of Florence and the Medici family through his work.
Leonardo Da Vinci Studied In Their Network
Leonardo da Vinci didn’t have as strong a patronage by the Medici family as other artists, but he did begin his education through their network.
As a teenager, he became an apprentice of Andrea del Verrocchio. Verrocchio was a sculptor and painter who created tombs for Cosimo, Giovanni, and Piero de’ Medici from the 1460s-70s. Under him, da Vinci learned about painting, sculpture, engineering, and metalwork. He stayed working with Verrocchio for a decade.
Despite this, Lorenzo de’ Medici did not include him on a list of great painters for the Pope to hire in 1481
In a diary entry from 1515, da Vinci wrote,
“Li medici mi crearono e distrussono.”
This translates to “the Medici [or physicians] created me and then destroyed me.”
Scholars are unsure if he meant to reference the Medici family, or physicians [the literal translation of medici]. da Vinci was known to be critical of physician careers, but its meaning remains a curiosity.
Raphael Worked In The Vatican
Pope Leo X was Raphael’s greatest commissioner. He hired him to do a set of ten tapestries intended for the lower walls of the Sistine Chapel. They illustrated the Acts of the Apostles, and can now be seen in the Pinacoteca Vaticana in Rome.
Before Leo X, Pope Julius II assigned him to paint some of his most famous frescoes, including School of Athens and Disputation of the Holy Sacrament. But after Julius II’s death, Leo X continued to fund his work for the Papal rooms. Leonardo had painted a piece called The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila, based on Pope Leo I’s meeting with Attila the Hun in 452 AD. He later changed Pope Leo I’s face to resemble that of Leo X instead.
Patronage In Architecture: Building The Uffizi, Il Duomo, And More
The Medici family helped form the Uffizi Gallery, St. Peter’s Basilica, and the Florence Cathedral.
Cosimo I de’ Medici, First Duke of Tuscany (1519-1574), originally formed the Uffizi to be an administrative building for his family. The word Uffizi in fact meant offices. It opened to the public as an art gallery in 1765, shortly after the last member of the Medici family died. Today, it houses The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli, and Laocoön and his Sons by Baccio Bandinelli.
Pope Leo X also commissioned the completion of St. Peter’s Basilica. Martin Luther, the leader of the Protestant Reformation, attacked his funding of this piece as an example of the Papacy’s greed. In his 95 Thesis, the document which began the Reformation, he wrote ” why doesn’t the Pope build the basilica of St Peter’s out of his own money?”
Cosimo the Elder commissioned the Duomo in the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore (the Florence Cathedral). There were many pauses since the cathedral began construction in 1296, and no dome yet. Architects wanted to build it without Gothic buttresses, but this was a technical challenge. There was a competition to see who could plan it, and Filippo Brunelleschi won.
Brunelleschi believed he could build the dome without scaffolding, but many still doubted his abilities. The Medici family, however, believed him enough to fund this work. Today, Brunelleschi’s dome stands at 375.7 feet tall, making it one of the tallest domes in the world.
Even the Enemies and Conspiracies Against Them Inspired Fascinating Work
The Pazzi Conspiracy was a plot between Francesco de Pazzi and the Papacy to overthrow Medici power.
On April 26th, 1478, the Cathedral of Florence held a public mass with an audience of 10,000 people. Among the crowd were Lorenzo the Magnificent and his brother Giuliano de’ Medici. A group of men interrupted the mass, attacking the duo with knives. Giuliano de’ Medici was stabbed to death, but Lorenzo de’ Medici managed to the church sacristy with only wounds.
Seeing their beloved Lorenzo the Magnificent attacked, the Florentine citizens took matters into their own hands. They captured conspirator Jacopo de’ Pazzi, threw him out a window, and then dragged him to the Arno River. Salviati, a co-conspirator who was also an archbishop of Pisa, was hanged outside the Palazzo Vecchio.
Ultimately, the attempt failed, and the Medici family threw remaining Pazzi members out of Florence. The event only strengthened control of their city and was commemorated in art by Stefano Ussi and Tancredi Scarpelli.
Michelangelo’s David: A Rebellion Against The Medici Family?
The statue of David was originally commissioned by the Arte Della Llane in 1501 to be placed in the Cathedral of Florence. The Medici family had been in exile since 1494 due to political losses and would return later in 1512.
The government that replaced the Medicis was firmly anti-Medici. David, the biblical figure who defeated a giant with only a rock, was the perfect symbol for an unstable Florence. Not only was Florence surrounded by city-states who always threatened its power, but now, also by the Medicis, who some saw as tyrants.
In 1504, the government decided to place David in the city’s town hall instead. They oriented David’s eyes to point to Rome, where the Medicis were in exile. Considering that it was originally intended for a Cathedral, it’s unlikely that Michelangelo intended for it to be political. This is especially considering the Medici’s help in his own artistic development.
Even when a High Renaissance piece was spurred against the Medici family, it was still ultimately about them. David’s perfect Renaissance contrapposto and affiliation makes him one of the greatest Renaissance highlights today.
Machiavelli Wrote The Prince To Get On Their Good Side
The Medici family was exiled from 1494 to 1513, when Piero de’ Medici surrendered control to France. Meanwhile, Machiavelli was a prominent political theorist and diplomat. In the vacuum of the Medici, he formed a network with Anti-Medici government figures.
The Medici family returned to power in 1513, and organized a list of conspirators who would likely plot to overthrow them. Machiavelli’s name was on the list, so they imprisoned, tortured, and exiled him. However, there wasn’t enough evidence of his direct involvement for them to execute him, so Pope Leo X allowed them to remain in exile.
Machiavelli dedicated The Prince to the next Medici ruler of Florence as a guide on how to capture and keep control of a state. He did this to get a position within the Medici court, but it failed. Only in 1520 did he re-enter public life, when Cardinal Giulio de’ Medici commissioned him to write a history of Florence.
They Stimulated Science, Music, And Fashion
Galileo Galilei was the tutor to Cosimo I de’ Medici, grand duke of Tuscany. In 1610, he published The Starry Messenger, where he described recent discoveries he made through a telescope. In it, he noted that Jupiter had moons, naming them the “Medicean stars.”
In music, Bartolomeo Cristofori was the first to invent the piano while working in Fernando de’ Medici’s court. The Renaissance also saw the birth of operas in the late 1500s. The Medicis provided financial support for major opera houses like the Pergola theater.
Catherine de’ Medici married King Henry II of France. She was a short woman and wanted to appear taller before meeting the French court. So she commissioned a pair of high heel shoes, turning them into symbols of wealth and status. This was remarkable in a time where high heels were reserved for butchers who didn’t want to get blood on their feet. She helped to improve and popularize the horse side saddle, so women could ride without exposing themselves.
The Last Of The Medici Family Secured Her Treasures In Florence
The last Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone de’ Medici, died in 1737 with no sons. Anna Maria Luisa de’ Medici was the only member of the family left and didn’t have any children. With no one to continue their lineage, she knew that the power of Tuscany would go to Francis of Lorraine.
Anna Maria accepted that all the art, books, maps, and houses her family-owned would be transferred to them. However, she created a Family Pact, declaring that these treasures should not leave Florence. She detailed,
“That these things being for the ornament of the state, for the benefit of the people and for an inducement to the curiosity of foreigners, nothing shall be alienated or taken away from the capital or from the territories of the Grand Duchy.”
The next leaders followed her wishes. Anna Maria essentially succeeded at keeping Florence the capital of everything the Medicis created. Florence continues to see about 16 million tourists a year, who come to see what this fascinating family built.
House of Caetani Gaetani D’Aragona (Bourbon / Gotti / Gambino / Trump)
The House of Caetani, or Gaetani, according to a family tradition, was descendant of the Dukes of Gaeta. Nevertheless, the family had no more great importance in Rome until the election of Benedetto Caetani to the papacy as Pope Boniface VIII in 1294, when they at once became the most notable in the city.
Donald Trump is now threatening to start a global war beginning with Iran in defense of his bosses the Black Nobility. Trump was Roman Catholic Jesuit educated at Fordham and he is friends with the Roman Gaetanis a papal nobility. The Trumps can be seen with the Bourbon-Two Sicilies and Colonnas also Italian-Papal nobility and royalty. Trump also has deep connections with the Italian Mafia. Trump “killing” Soleimani is staged for world war propaganda. Either Soleimani is still alive or more than likely previously died in a way that was unrelated to “Trump killing Soleimani” while Trump is actually bombing civilians in Iraq. If Trump attempts to start a world war with Iran which will cause Russia and then China to be involved then he needs to be executed. All the nation’s leaders work together under Rome and they engineer wars as a disguise for depopulating society.
Donald Trump’s ex wife Ivana Trump even dated Prince Roffredo Gaetani D’Aragona. Members of the Gaetani crime family include the vineyard owner and “wizard of wine” Gelasio Gaetani D’Aragona Lovatelli, Don Ferdinando Gaetani Dell’Aquilla D’Aragona, and Don Bonifacio Gaetani Dell’Aquilla D’Aragona. Don Roffredo Gaetani-D’Aragona de Laurenzana Lovatelli apparently faked his death and has been hiding out in Venice and may be in Switzerland today.
The Gaetani Crime Family The Gaetani-Dell’Aquila-D’Aragona family is a top bloodline of the Black Nobility and imperial landowners. The Spanish word Aragona means agriculture and land. The Gaetani family own the Gambino crime syndicate which is still covertly managed by the Gotti family today. The Gaetani family take their name from Gaeta Italy which was settled by the Tribe of Getae. The name Gotti means Goth. The Goths and Getae are two similar but different Scythian tribes that have intermixed and had similar migrations. The Goths settled in L’Aquila Italy where the Gaetani family ruled as well as in Gaeta. There is still Gothic architecture in both of these towns. Salvatore D’Aquila was a boss of what later became the Gambino crime family just as the Gaetani family ruled in L’Aquila Italy. The name Gambino and Campania derive from the Greek word campe which means crooked. In Italy is has also come to mean leg. This is where the terms bootleggers and crooks come from. The word gambling is also etymologically connected with the name Gambino. The Italian Mafia run most of the casinos in the United States and launder their profits through them. Donald Trump used the Genovese and Gambino owned S&A Concrete company to build his condos in Manhattan. Don Trump used Roy Cohn as his attorney who also worked for the former Genovese boss Tony Salerno and former Gambino boss John Gotti. Donald Trump purchased property from the mafia hitman Salvatore Testa to build his casino in Atlantic City. Atlantic City has been fully controlled by the Italian Mafia since the Atlantic City Conference in 1929. Donald Trump is a front man for the Five Families of New York City and they are controlled by the Italian Nobility. Donald Trump’s ex wife Ivana Trump even dated Prince Roffredo Gaetani D’Aragona. Members of the Gaetani crime family include the vineyard owner and “wizard of wine” Gelasio Gaetani D’Aragona Lovatelli, Don Ferdinando Gaetani Dell’Aquilla D’Aragona, and Don Bonifacio Gaetani Dell’Aquilla D’Aragona. Don Roffredo Gaetani-D’Aragona de Laurenzana Lovatelli faked his death and has been hiding out in Italy and may be in Geneva Switzerland today.
House of Doria Pamphilj Landi
The House of Pamphili (often with the final long i orthography, Pamphilj) was one of the papal families deeply entrenched in Catholic Church, Roman and Italian politics of the 16th and 17th centuries.
Before they were known for their papal reign, the Pamphili family hailed from Gubbio in Umbria, a region in central Italy. They were descendents of Amanzio Pamphili, a man who arrived in Italy in the ninth century as a follower of Charlemagne. They asserted that their family coat of arms—a dove with an olive branch in its beak, as well as three fleurs-de-lis—was actually granted from Charlemagne himself (Majanlahti 277-278).
The Pamphili family’s ascent to respectable nobility really began with Antonio Pamphili, who was appointed as the fiscal procurator for the Papal States by Pope Sixtus IV della Rovere. This position of trust, respect, and significant income was their first real step up the hierarchy of power. Moreover, Antonio Pamphili married a rich Roman noblewoman, which furthered the family’s rise to nobility. Although the Pamphili family continued a long pattern of marrying into powerful members of the aristocracy, they did not achieve world fame and power until one of their very own succeeded the papal throne.
Pope Innocent X
Upon the death of Urban VIII, the conclave gathered to choose a new pope. For some days after Urban VIII’s death, the situation in Rome was extremely critical. Crime increased alarmingly within the streets, as always when the papal throne was unoccupied. During this time, a rivalry was brewing between the Spanish and the French factions who could not agree on a successor. It was not until a month later that both parties reached a compromise for Giambattista Pamphili, who was a previous cardinal under Urban VIII (Majanlahti 276). By then, the new pope, renamed Innocent X, was 70 years old.
Giambattista Pamphili was born in Rome on May 1574. As a young man, he entered the service of the church, first as an officer in the papal army and later as a diplomat (Encyclopædia Britannica). Having studied law at the Jesuit Collegio Romano, he worked as an auditor before he was selected as an ambassador to Naples. Under the pontificate of Urban VIII, Pamphili was appointed to become a priest, then bishop, and later cardinal. Although he was generally recognized as an upright man of justice, Innocent also had the reputation for being cross-grained and stern during his pontificate. This is how he is portrayed in his painting in 1650: suspicious, opposing, and morose (refer to the Presentation Handout).
During his career as pope, the influence of the papacy started to wane in European politics. Any attempt at restoring the papal finances, which had become severely depleted at the time of Urban VIII’s pontificate, was bound to fail. During times of food shortage, grain prices soared, so the pope started a new penny tax on salt and meat. There were often protests in front of his commissioned monuments, like the Four Rivers Fountain in his Piazza Navona, which were accompanied with pasquinades—satirical rhymes. The common people adamantly stated that they would rather spend their tax money on bread than on obelisks and fountainheads (Morrissey 210). Furthermore, the pope’s relationships with his relatives were questionable, for he was guilty of nepotism, and much of his pontificate was dominated by his greedy sister-in-law, Olimpia Maidalchini.
La Papessa: The “She-Pope”
Olimpia Maidalchini married young to a rich family, but at the early death of her baby and husband, was left a wealthy widow at the age of 21. At this point she was not really educated or powerful, but very intelligent and intent on escaping her home in Viterbese. In order to escape, she needed political power, and used the most common methods of the time: gaining status in the church, or marrying into a rich family. Olimpia pursued both tracks, and in 1612 married Pamphilio Pamphili, the elder brother of the future Pope Innocent X (Magnuson). Their marriage was based upon his need for her wealth, and her desire for his power.
Combining that wealth and power, she gained influence over the future Pope Innocent X by supporting him financially in the early years of his diplomatic career. The cardinals that finally elected Innocent knew this, and warned the new pope not to let his sister-in-law have too much control. This, however, did nothing to lessen Olimpia’s influence. A few examples of Olimpia’s excessive power are as follows: she made many of the decisions in the construction of Palazzo Pamphili; arranged marriages to secure her family in political power; and plotted to have her son Camillo in command of the papal armies. She was, however, thwarted in this scheme, and instead of a general, Camillo Pamphili was made into the cardinal nephew. He was much loved in this position, but grew tired of it when he realized he had very little influence over Pope Innocent X in comparison to his mother Olimpia. In addition to this dissatisfaction, he fell in love with Olimpia Aldobrandini, a wealthy widow of Paolo Borghese. Thus, Camillo left both the cardinalate and his uncle Innocent to the mercy of Olimpia.
By about 1647, Olimpia was the only person close to the temperamental pope who could advise him (Magnuson). Anyone who wanted anything from the pope would first have to turn to Olimpia; meaning, they would first have to pay her off. She loved bribes and monetary gain, and was known as di nauseante ingordigia, or “disgustingly greedy.” The pope rarely did anything without first asking Olimpia. Aside from her company, the pope spent his final years alone.
A lot of the misfortunate things that Pope Innocent did were blamed on Olimpia. The mark of the Italians’ hatred for her is seen long after her reign. For example, Olimpia was a common pseudonym for prostitutes for hundreds of years. As a lasting tribute, Donna Olimpia was remembered through ghost stories. In one of tales, she can be found under the full moon in a black carriage—pulled by a black horse with flaming eyes—as she rides from the Ponte Sisto to Piazza Navona, and finally into the gates of Palazzo Pamphili.
The Property of the Pamphili
While the Pamphili family used both the arrangement of strategic marriages as well as the church in their attempts to improve their social status in Rome, they also asserted their prominence through the real estate market and the development of their properties. Although the Pamphili family had previously resided in an aristocratic neighborhood in Gubbio, their old status meant nothing in Rome, and they had to start from scratch (Majanlahti 287). This is why Antonio Pamphili wanted to establish an impressive family house in a prominent area of Rome. This ambition eventually led to the purchase of property in the neighborhood of Rione Parione in 1470—which then stretched from the southern part of what is now Piazza Navona to Campo di’ Fiori (Leone 3). Over the years, he was able to expand his property by purchasing surrounding houses and incorporating them into the Pamphili estate. The generations following Antonio continued this campaign to expand the Pamphili property—a trend that reflected the family’s continual attempts to assert their importance in a central area of Rome (Leone 9). At that time, Rione Parione was a fairly prestigious and heavily populated neighborhood as its popularity increased even more after Sixtus IV’s campaign to improve the streets of Rome.
The Pamphili’s property ambitions were also aided by the decision of Julius III to align dell’Anima and Palazzo Pasquina. Although part of the Pamphili property had to be torn down in order to achieve the pope’s goal, they were heavily compensated and benefited significantly from the situation. They received two new houses in return for the damages, and were then able to expand up to piazza Navona—the neighborhood in which many of the most important families of the time resided (Leone 9). However, this meant that to live up to the status and grandness of the families that surrounded them, the Pamphili needed to construct a more elaborate Palazzo (Leone-Palazzo 3). This sparked an intense campaign by the Pamphili to renovate their family casa, especially after Giambattista was elected into the Sacred College and awarded the cardinal’s hat in 1630. With the trend of building an elaborate Palace after reaching the status of cardinal having long been established—as with Maffeo Barberini —there was more pressure to build a more socially acceptable family residence. In 1636 Giambattista commissioned Peperelli to go about the task of collectively joining the Pamphili properties into one coherent structure. The Palazzo was built from 1636 to 1638, and was constructed in order to live up to the contemporary social code that regulated how best to set up a proper family Palazzo—spelled out in a popular etiquette book (Leone 23).
By the time Giambattista became Pope Innocent X in 1644, six years after the Palazzo was finished, it was again thought to be inadequate considering the Pamphili’s new elevated status. This second campaign eventually led to the renovations that shaped the current structure evident in Piazza Navona today. The Pamphili had established themselves in this central area of Rome for over 150 years by the time Giambattista became pope—having successfully implanted their family into the social hierarchy of Rome.
Death and Legacy
Eventually the male line of the Pamphili died out, and only continued on through Camillo’s daughter Anna Pamphili. Anna married into the Cenoese family of the Doria Landi. During his lifetime, Camillo Pamphili had been a huge supporter and commissioner of the arts, and had managed to acquire a very impressive art collection. This collection cannot be separated from Camillo’s estate, and is currently maintained by the Doria Landi in Palazzo Doria-Pamphili (Majanlahti 288). The Pamphili family’s property campaign is still evident in Rome to this very day due to their influential presence and history in Piazza Navona, as well as their expansive and influential art collection.
The House of Doria Pamphilj Landi (also called simply Doria Pamphilj) was a princely Roman family of Genoese extraction. Legend has it that the origins of the Doria family date from the early 11th century, but the authentic pedigree is traced to Ansaldo d’Oria, consul of Genoa in the 12th century. The descent of the several Doria family lines in Genoa is well-known and is described in Natale Battilana’s 19th-century genealogical study of old Genoese families.
The Doria Pamphili Landi princely family was a sub-branch of the Doria di Oneglia branch: in 1291, two Doria brothers bought the lordship of Oneglia, which was co-owned by their descendants until the late 15th century. Admiral Andrea Doria was descended from a Doria di Oneglia, Genoese soldier Aitone Doria (also called Antonio Doria), who fought for the French at the Battle of Crécy.
Famous members
Famous members include Andrea Doria and Cardinal Giovanni Battista Pamphilj, who rose to the Papacy as Pope Innocent X.
The marquisate of Civiez and the county of Cavallamonte were conferred on the family in 1576, the duchy of Tursi in 1594, the principality of Avella in 1607, the duchy of Avigliano in 1613, and the principality of Meldola in 1671. In 1760, the title of Reichsfürst or prince of the Holy Roman Empire was added and attached to the lordship of Torriglia and the marquisate of Borgo San Stefano, together with the qualification of Hochgeboren. That same year, the Dorias inherited the fiefs and titles of the house of Pamphilj of Gubbio, patricians of Rome and Princes of San Martino and Valmontone. The name then became Doria Pamphilj. They had already incorporated by marriage the wealthy inheritance of the Landi family.
Last generations
Prince Filippo Andrea VI Doria Pamphilj, a staunch anti-Fascist, in 1944 became the first mayor of Rome following its liberation by the Allies (his father had been Senator of the newborn Kingdom of Italy in 1870).
Princess Orietta Doria Pamphili, Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (London, 22 April 1922 – Rome, 19 November 2000), 19th Princess of Melfi, Grandee of Spain First Class, 8th Princess of the Holy Roman Empire, 8th Princess of Santo Stefano d’Aveto and Torriglia, Princess of Valditaro, Valmontone and San Martino al Cimino, Roman Princess, 11th Duchess of Avigliano, Duchess of Montelanico, 15th Marchioness of Carrega, Croce in Val Trebbia, Ottone, Grondona, Vargo, Cremonte, Cabella and Fontana (Doria-Pamphili-Landi barony), Marchioness of Montecalvello and Cabella, Countess of Loano, Countess of Talamello, Baroness of Giffoni (Doria-Pamphili-Landi barony) and San Cipriano, Lady of Rovegno, Laccio, Monte Tanano, Bagnaria, Cariseto, Casanova sul Trebbia, Foreseto, Garbagna, Fontanarossa, Montebruno, Gremiasco, San Sebastiano Curone, Val di Curone and Montacuto, Turbigo, Lagopesole, Lacedonia, Forenza, Candela, San Fele, Rocchetta Sant’Antonio, Stellanello and of its Valley with Rossi, Duranti and San Vincenzo, Gorga, Lugnano, Grotte, Santo Stefano, Poggio, Alviano, Roccamassima, Colleferro, Anzio and Nettuno, Lady of Seguno Pozzuolo, Bucchio, Pondo, Pratolina, Spinello in Collina, Mortano Soasia, Vallenzera and Sassetta, Filetta and Castiglione dei Genovesi, Genoese Patrician, Noble of Viterbo, the last of the line, married Royal Navy Commander Frank George Wignall Pogson (Maidenhead, Berkshire, 6 September 1923 – Rome, 2 October 1998) in London on 6 August 1958. Prior to his marriage and in accordance with the express wishes of the late Prince Filippo Andrea VI Doria Pamphilj, he added “Doria Pamphilj” to his last name by deed poll.
After the reforms of the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s, Princess Orietta and her husband, both Catholics, worked to promote better relations between faiths. In 2000, Queen Elizabeth II visited Rome and the Anglican Centre, which is housed in the Palazzo Doria Pamphilj.
House of Este
The House of Este was an Italian princely family, linked with several contemporary royal dynasties, including the House of Habsburg and the British royal family. The elder branch of the House of Este, known as the Younger House of Welf, included dukes of Bavaria and Brunswick-Lüneburg and produced Britain’s Hanoverian monarchs, as well as one Emperor of Russia, Ivan VI (1740 – 1764)) and one Holy Roman Emperor, Otto IV (1175 – 1218). The younger branch of the House of Este included rulers of Ferrara (1240–1597), and of Modena and Reggio (1288–1796). Ercole I d’Este, Duke of Ferrara (1431–1505) was one of the most significant patrons of the arts in late fifteenth and early sixteenth century Italy, when Ferrara grew into a cultural center renowned especially for music. Ercole’s daughter Beatrice (1475–1497) married Leonard da Vinci’s chief patron, Ludovico Sforza (1452 – 1508), Duke of Milan, the son Francesco I Sforza, a founding member of Rene of Anjou’s Order of the Crescent. Another daughter, Isabella (1474–1539), married Francesco Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua. Ercole I’s successor was his son Alfonso I d’Este (1476 – 1534), third husband of the notorious Lucrezia Borgia, daughter of Pope Alexander VI, sister to Cesare Borgia. The legitimate line ended in 1597 with Ercole I. As his heir, his first cousin Cesare d’Este (1533–1628) was recognized by Emperor Rudolph II, who maintained the occult-oriented court at Prague, which attracted the sorcerer John Dee, leading to the founding of the Rosicrucian movement.
The last duke, Ercole III d’Este (1727 – 1803), Duke of Modena, was deposed in 1796 by the French. Ercole III was the son of Duke Francesco III d’Este (1698 – 1780), Duke of Modena and Charlotte Aglaé d’Orléans, daughter of Philippe II d’Orléans, a friend of Chevalier Michael Ramsay, and Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the daughter of Madame de Montespan, who was accused of performing the Black Mass. Ercole III’s brother, Francesco I d’Este, Duke of Modena (1610 – 1658), also a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Francesco I d’Este married Maria Caterina Farnese and their son, Alfonso IV d’Este, Duke of Modena married Laura Martinozzi, and were the parents of Mary of Modena the wife of James II of England. Their son, James Francis Edward Stuart, known as “The Old Pretender,” was the father of the Jabobite pretenders, Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, “the Young Pretender” and his brother Henry Benedict Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York. The family of their mother, Maria Clementina Sobieska, was related to Jacob Frank.
Ercole III’s two duchies became the Cispadane Republic which one year later was merged into the Cisalpine Republic and then into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy. Ercole was compensated in 1801 with the small principality of Breisgau in southwestern Germany, whose previous rulers, the Habsburgs, ceded it to him in anticipation of its eventual return to the Habsburgs, since Ercole’s daughter Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d’Este was married to a cadet Habsburg, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este (1754 – 1806), the son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (1708 – 1765), Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece, and Empress Maria Theresa, who supported Jacob Frank. Ferdinand’s brother, Emperor Joseph II (1741 –1790), also Grand Master of the Order of the Golden Fleece, had an affair with Jacob’s daughter Eva. Their brother, Archduke Maximilian Francis (1756 – 1801), was a Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and purported Grand Master of the Priory of Sion. Ercole died in 1803 and Breisgau passed to his daughter and her husband, who in 1806 lost it during the Napoleonic reorganization of the western territories of the defunct Holy Roman Empire to the enlarged and elevated Grand Duchy of Baden.
House of Este, princely family of Lombard origin who played a great part in the history of medieval and Renaissance Italy. The family first came to the front in the wars between the Guelfs and Ghibellines during the 13th century. As leaders of the Guelfs, Estensi princes received at different times Ferrara, Modena, Reggio, and other fiefs and territories. Members of the family ruled in Ferrara from the 13th through the 16th century and in Modena and Reggio from the later Middle Ages to the end of the 18th century.
Origins
The Estensi were a branch of the great 10th-century dynasty of the Obertenghi, which held power and wealth in Lunigiana, Genoa, and Milan and which also gave rise to the feudal houses of the Malaspina, the Pallavicini, and the margraves of Massa and Parodi. Subsequently, after various vicissitudes, the members of the Obertenghi dynasty removed to the lands of the Venetians, where they had estates at Este, Monselice, Rovigo, and Friuli. The Estensi took their name from the township and castle of Este, 17 miles (27 km) southwest of Padua, and the true founder of the family was the margrave Alberto Azzo II (died 1097). From his son Welf IV, duke of Bavaria, there began a related branch that gave origin to the dukes of Bavaria, Brunswick, and Lüneburg, as well as the electors of Hanover. Another son, Ugo, tried without success to establish in France, while a third son, Folco I (died c. 1136), became second in line in the house of Este. Neither he nor his successor, Obizzo I (died 1193), however, achieved any great distinction, beyond the offices and titles that fell naturally to the upper feudal families, but it was during the lifetime of Obizzo I that the Estensi first acquired political importance in Ferrara, through the marriage of his son (Azzo V, who predeceased him) to the heiress of one of the two great and rival families of Ferrara. Obizzo was succeeded by his grandson, Azzo VI, who acquired considerable authority in the city, though his premature death in 1212 left the family temporarily weakened. Not until 1240 did a descendant, Azzo VII, return to power in the city, in alliance with the Guelf league formed by Pope Gregory IX. This marked the true beginning of Este rule in Ferrara.
Lords of Ferrara
In 1264 Azzo’s heir, Obizzo II (1264–93), was created perpetual lord by the people of Ferrara under the pressure of Guelf strength. The pope, lawful lord of the Ferrarese territory, at first did not oppose this action but afterward began to contest the Estensi government. Obizzo II’s power was growing, however, and he had himself chosen lord of Modena in 1288 and of Reggio in 1289. In the 14th century the house of Este went through difficult, stormy periods, not only because of its controversies with the papacy but also because of domestic dissensions, sometimes very hazardous. The house succeeded, nevertheless, in strengthening its position, and, under Nicolò II (reigned 1361–88), called the Lame, there was built the famous Este Castle, the work of the architect Bartolino da Novara, which became a symbol of the power of the city of Ferrara and a sure defense against external dangers. To the brother and successor of Nicolò II, Alberto V (reigned 1388–93), is due the erection of the University of Ferrara, destined for lasting fame; it was obtained by Pope Boniface IX as a concession in 1391.
The reign of Nicolò III (1393–1441), son of Alberto, marked the strengthening of Estensi domination in Ferrara and the introduction of Estensi influence generally in Italian politics. After having defeated an attempt by the Paduans to achieve hegemony in Ferrara, the Estensi duke became intermediary in the political and military contests in the Italian states and extended his dominions. Personally, Nicolò was known for his sensuality; a Ferrarese saying runs, “On both sides of the River Po they all are Nicolò’s sons.” He had his son Ugo and his young second wife, Parisina Malatesta, beheaded because they were found guilty of adultery together. But he devoted himself to the exterior manifestations of a religious faith—going on a pilgrimage to the Holy Sepulchre and to Vienna’s Saint Anthony and playing host to the ecumenical council in 1438 that represented a fruitless attempt to bring together again the Western and Eastern churches. (This council was afterward transferred to Florence.) He even seems to have come close to obtaining the succession of an Estensi heir to the Milanese states, but he died suddenly, perhaps poisoned, on December 26, 1441.
Whereas Nicolò III raised the Estensi state to a high position in Italian politics in spite of its territorial and financial limits, his natural son and chosen successor, Leonello (reigned 1441–50), gave Ferrara considerable distinction in the fields of art and culture. Leonello had been educated by the humanist Guarino Veronese, called to Ferrara by his father, and the period of his reign was one in which Ferrara represented a lively centre of culture and humanism, filled with painters (Pisanello, Jacopo Bellini, Rogier van der Weyden, Andrea Mantegna), architects (Leon Battista Alberti), and scholars (centring on Guarino Veronese).
Dukes of Ferrara, Modena, and Reggio
Leonello’s brother and successor, Borso (reigned 1450–71), notwithstanding some military failures, not only maintained his state and increased its aesthetic and cultural prestige but also received from the Holy Roman emperor Frederick III the title of duke of Modena and Reggio (1452) and from Pope Paul II the title of duke of Ferrara (1471).
Ercole I
The long rule of Leonello’s and Borso’s half-brother Ercole I (1471–1505) marked one of the most important periods for the history of the house of Este and of Ferrara. He succeeded in obtaining considerable political support with his marriage to Leonora, the daughter of the king of Naples. These were troubled times, however. Ercole had to defeat the attempt of a nephew, Nicolò, son of Leonello, to usurp the throne; and then he had to face the hostile coalition of Venice and Pope Sixtus IV, which brought war nearly to the walls of the city of Ferrara (1482–84). The subsequent Peace of Bagnolo, however, though not entirely satisfactory, did free Ferrara from immediate dangers.
Ercole’s crucial problem became one of consolidating his own political position by means of marriages that would bind him to the principal Italian powers: of his three daughters, Lucrezia was married to Annibale Bentivoglio (of Bologna), Isabella to Francesco Gonzaga (of Mantua), and Beatrice to Ludovico Sforza (of Milan). Ercole’s eldest son, Alfonso, was married first to Anna Sforza (of Milan) and then to the famous Lucrezia Borgia, the daughter of Pope Alexander VI. In spite of these difficult affairs of state, Ercole was able to continue his dynasty’s patronage of the arts, taking the poet Matteo Boiardo as his minister, extending his favour to the poet Ludovico Ariosto, espousing the theatre and musical arts, and enlarging and beautifying Ferrara to such an extent as to make it one of the first cities of Europe.
Alfonso I
Ercole’s son Alfonso I (reigned 1505–34), rough and rude when he was young, proved wise and sure of himself once he had taken the reins of government. First he foiled a plot of a stepbrother, Giulio, and another brother, Ferrante, against him and sentenced them to perpetual imprisonment. Then his attention was completely attracted by the war against Venice (1509), in which his skill in mechanics and artillery design was proved. He was victorious in the naval battle of Polesella and won back the Polesine of Rovigo (which had been lost by Ercole I). At the same time, however, papal ambitions of territorial expansion became threatening. By consistent adherence to the French interest in Italy, Alfonso came into collision with Pope Julius II and was deprived of Modena (1510) and Reggio (1512) and was excommunicated. The Medici popes, Leo X and Clement VII, were both determined on the destruction of the Estensi, but the first-mentioned pope was frustrated by death, the second by political weakness, and Alfonso was able to recover Reggio in 1523 and Modena in 1527. He died in 1534. His succession was assured not only by his legitimate children but also by the issue of his lover Laura Eustochia Dianti, from whom derived the future dukes of Modena and Reggio.
Ercole II and Alfonso II
During the reign of Alfonso’s son and successor Ercole II (1534–59), the military events proved less interesting (though the wars of 1557–58 were difficult) than the personal ones. Ercole married Renée, daughter of King Louis XII of France, and in Ferrara she came to embrace the Lutheran religion, becoming its ardent defender and establishing at her court a meeting place for the most famous heretics and liberal thinkers of the day. Ercole, who was the pope’s vicar in Ferrara, tried restraining her, even to the point of temporary imprisonment, but to no avail. Next to rule was his first-born, Alfonso II (reigned 1559–97), the fifth and last duke of Ferrara. He also tried, vainly, to be elected king of Poland and to organize a crusade against the Turks. More important for the dynasty, however; was the fact that, though Alfonso II had three marriages, he had no children, and Pope Pius V in 1567 expressly forbade having illegitimate children rule in ecclesiastical lands. Alfonso was so disappointed and discouraged that he let the conditions of his state decay. At his death he bequeathed the duchy to his cousin Cesare, but Pope Clement VII refused to recognize the settlement, declaring Cesare illegitimate; in 1598 direct papal rule was established in Ferrara. The main branch of the Este family had come to an end.
Decline of power
Cesare kept Modena and Reggio, but with him the Estensi ceased to play so important a part in Italian politics, and the court was culturally inferior to its brilliant predecessors. Among the several Modenese dukes who followed in the 17th century, Francesco I (reigned 1629–58), who came to the throne during the stormy period of the Thirty Years’ War, was perhaps the most important. His people were able to survive the famous plague of 1630. In the wars he was first allied to Spain, then to France, whose alliance he thought would best sustain his claims to Ferrara. Later on, he attempted reconciliation with Spain, but ironically it was on the field of battle, fighting the Spaniards, that he died of malaria. He was a man with enormous aspirations, and, though inclined toward treachery in politics, he gave art his patronage, favouring men of letters and collecting works of art (there is an extraordinary portrait of him by Diego Velázquez and a beautiful bust by Gian Lorenzo Bernini).
Among his successors, the one most deserving to be remembered is Rinaldo I (1694–1737), whose marriage to Charlotte Felicitas of Brunswick-Lüneburg reunited the long-separated branches of the house of Este. Throughout his reign he engaged in imperial politics. His son Francesco III (1737–80), known as a libertine, received the governorship of Lombardy from Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. Ercole III (1780–96), gentle and affable, abandoned Modena in 1796 when the Revolutionary French army invaded it.
After the Napoleonic Wars, Duke Francesco IV (1814–46), son of Maria Beatrice d’Este (the only surviving daughter of Ercole III) and of Archduke Ferdinand of Habsburg-Lorraine, son of Maria Theresa, came back to Modena. He founded the Austro-Este line in Modena, which, however, ended with his son Francesco V (1846–59) when Modena revolted in order to join Sardinia-Piedmont and then Italy.
Childless, Francesco V selected as his universal heir Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, who was murdered at Sarajevo in 1914. He was succeeded by Charles I of Austria. Archduke Robert, his second son, succeeded him. Prince Lorenz of Belgium became the rightful holder of the surname and heraldic bearings of the Estensi in 1996, upon Robert’s death.
House of Aldobrandini
The House of Aldobrandini is an Italian noble family originally from Florence, where in the Middle Ages they held the most important municipal offices. Now the Aldobrandini are resident in Rome, with close ties to the Vatican.
Their Roman fortunes were made when Ippolito Aldobrandini became pope under the name Pope Clement VIII. He arranged the marriage that linked the Aldobrandini with the Roman family of Pamphili. They were also linked to marriage alliances with the Farnese (Ranuccio I, duke of Parma, had married Margherita Aldobrandini) and Borghese (since Olimpia Aldobrandini married Paolo Borghese).
The family also lends its name to the Palazzo Aldobrandini on the Quirinal Hill. The Aldobrandini family, having reached the height of its powers when Ippolito Aldobrandini became Pope Clement VIII (1592–1605), began the building of the villa. In 1600 Clement VIII acquired the Orti Vitelli on the Quirinal hill and in 1601 donated the property to his Cardinal-nephew Pietro Aldobrandini. The old buildings of the Vitelli Family were demolished and construction began on the new villa and adjacent garden. The villa was never the family seat as the Aldobrandini family owned even more splendid residences elsewhere in Rome. The villa on the Quirinal hill served essentially for ceremonial functions.
More famous was the Villa Aldobrandini in Frascati. Also known as Belvedere for its charming location overlooking the whole valley up to Rome, it was rebuilt on the order of Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini over a pre-existing edifice built by the Vatican prelate Alessandro Rufini in 1550. The villa, aligned with the cathedral down its axial avenue that is continued through the town as Viale Catone, was rebuilt in the current form by Giacomo della Porta from 1598 to 1602, and then completed by Carlo Maderno and Giovanni Fontana. The villa has an imposing 17th-century façade and some other interesting architectural and environmental features, such as the double gallery order on the rear façade, the spiral-shaped flights, the large exedra of the Water Theatre and the magnificent park. Inside there are paintings of Mannerist and Baroque artists such as the Zuccari brothers, Cavalier D’Arpino and Domenichino. Outside there is a monumental gate by Carlo Francesco Bizzaccheri (early 18th century).
The Doria, Pamphilj, Landi and Aldobrandini families have become united through marriage and descent under the simplified surname Doria Pamphilj (which is now extinct since the death of Princess Orietta Doria Pamphlij in 2000). The Aldobrandini family palazzo and its collections of works of art and furnishings is now the Doria Pamphilj Gallery in Rome.
The family name lives on, however, via a branch of the Borghese family, descended from the marriage of Olimpia Aldobrandini with Prince Paolo Borghese in the 17th century. This line is descended from Don Camillo Borghese, Prince Aldobrandini (1816–1902), a leading member of the soi-disant Black Nobility, who in turn was the younger brother of the then Prince Borghese and head of that family. Princess Olimpia Anna Aldobrandini, also a non-lineal descendant of Napoleon on her mother’s side, married into the Rothschild family.
The Head of the family today is Prince Camillo Aldobrandini (b. 1945), whose heir is Don Clemente Aldobrandini (b. 1982).
The Aldobrandini families are an influential Roman bloodline and top members of a satanic death cult known as the Ninth Circle. They are involved with the Vatican and banking. The Aldobrandini family produced one pope and several cardinals for the Roman Catholic Church. The name Aldobrandini derives from the Arabic word Aldebaran which means the “follower.” The Aldobrandini clan came into Europe during the Moorish invasion and have an Arabic and Basque ancestry. Ignatius Loyola who was a co-founder of the Jesuits and its first Superior General was of Basque descent and likely related to this family. They follow after the Massimo family and have intermarried with the Massimo-Lancellotti branch. The Massimo’s Vatican came first and the Jesuits followed after just as Aldebaran means the follower. The Italian Nobility uses its Jesuit universities to recruit Roman spies and agents and the Aldobrandini family appear to have a portion of authority over the Society of Jesus. There are Ninth Circle cults within most Jesuit universities. I believe The Ninth Circle headquarters is located at Loyola University New Orleans with President Kevin Wildes SJ. The New Age cult leader named Paul Romano serves the Aldobrandinis and he is secretly sadistic. Pope Clement VIII Ippolito Aldobrandini issued the Congregatio de Auxiliis as a peace agreement between the Jesuits and Dominicans. Ranuccio I Farnese married Margherita Aldobrandini and it was the Farnese family that officially authorized the Jesuits. The Aldobrandini family have ownership over the DeCavalcante crime family of New Jersey Palermo family as the acting bosses and. Both the Aldobrandini family and Cavalcante family were originally Florentine nobility. Caval like a cave. Even their mafia has an underworldly essence. The Italian Mafia is known for being involved with construction companies and known for building hidden underground bunkers and tunnels. The DeCavalcante crime family have infiltrated the New York and New Jersey Port Authority and are involved with a large scale criminal trafficking network. Simone Rizzo DeCavalcante Jr. lives around Florida and oversees the New Jersey operations. There needs to be a major investigation into the New Jersey Port Authority. The Aldobrandini family hold the title of Duke of Brindisi in Apulia and they are the part owners of the Sacra Corona Unita or Apulian Mafia. Willie Moretti was a Jersey mobster and from Apulia. Some Italians including mobsters from San Nicandro, Apulia converted to Judaism and moved to Israel. The Abutbul Mafia in Israel headed up by Asi Abutbul is likely connected with the Apulian Mafia.
Cinzio Aldobrandini was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and there is the Reaper of Death statue with a sickle at his tomb at San Pietro in Vincoli along with the Aldobrandini coat of arms and this displays their sinister nature. I believe this family manages the Catacombs of Rome and the interconnected underground tunnels. Princess Olimpia Aldobrandini is married to Baron David Rene de Rothschild who is the head of the French Rothschild family and currently the head of N M Rothschild & Sons today. In Judaism, the Jewish lineage is passed down from the mother so it should be a Roman Catholic Rothschild-Aldobrandini that inherits the Rothschild bank or a portion of its ownership. Alexandre Guy Francesco de Rothschild is an Aldobrandini by blood. The French Rothschild family are Court Factors serving the Roman Curia and Black Nobility. The Rothschild family are subtly titled “guardians of the papal treasure” in the Jewish Encyclopedia. They guard the Black Nobility’s wealth as middlemen money handlers. The Brandolini family are a Venetian branch of the Aldobrandini clan. Marie Brandolini was the daughter of Beatrice de Rothschild and she married Count Brandino Brandolini-d’Adda. Count Brandino Brandini-d’Adda II is the head of this family. The House of Aldobrandini also merged a family branch with the Borghese banking family of Rome under Prince Paolo Borghese and this branch intermarried with the House of Bonaparte. Camillo Borghese or Pope Paul V created the Bank of the Holy Spirit in 1605 and the bank eventually merged into UniCredit. The Aldobrandinis merged a branch with the Banchieri family which are Italian bankers and their named means bankers. They are a concealed family and they oversee international bankers like the Rothschilds. The Aldobrandinis recently married with Antinori family of Florence with Prince Piero Antinori as the current head. The Aldobrandinis also married with the Saluzzo family. The Aldobrandini crime family are involved with pedophilia, defilement, and desecration, satanic ritual abuse, human sacrifice, murder, conspiring against foreign governments and terrorism. Members of the House of Aldobrandini include Prince Camillo Aldobrandini, Don Clemente Aldobrandini, Princess Olimpia Aldobrandini-Rothschild, and Prince Camillo’s brother who lives at the Palazzo Antinori di Brindisi in Florence and holds the title of Duke of Brindisi.
The Aldobrandini family are an extremely idiotic, evil, and creepy bloodline and they oversee the Cult of Hades which is a murderous and cannibalistic cult of pedophiles. The Aldobrandinis are involved with the Vatican and banking and are currently married with the French Rothschild family. They are also top managers of the Jesuits and they are architects of serial killers. They are also married with the Antinori family of Florence and have inherited a villa in Florence and ducal titles in Apulia. Marchese Piero Antinori is the current head of this family. The Aldobrandinis produced one pope and several cardinals for the Roman Catholic Church. The name Aldobrandini derives from the Arabic word Aldebaran which means the “follower.” The Aldobrandini clan came into Europe during the Moorish invasion and have an Arabic, Saracen, and Basque ancestry. Today the Aldobrandinis have an alliance with Sunni Muslim leaders. The royal family of Saudi Arabia have a close relationship with the Vatican and a covert alliance with the Aldobrandinis. Ignatius Loyola who was a co-founder of the Jesuits and its first Superior General was of Basque descent and likely related with this family. Loyola was a soldier for the Spanish Dukes of Najera a title now claimed by the Colon or Columbus family. The Aldobrandinis follow after the Massimos and have intermarried with the Massimo-Lancellotti branch. The Massimo’s Vatican came first and the Jesuits followed after just as Aldebaran means the follower. The Black Nobility uses its Jesuit universities to recruit Roman spies and agents and the Aldobrandini family have a portion of authority over the Society of Jesus with their Jesuit-Hades cult branch located at Loyola of New Orleans with Tania Tetlow as president of the college. Pope Clement VIII or Ippilito Aldobrandini issued the Congregatio de Auxiliis as a peace agreement between the Jesuits and Dominicans. Ranuccio I Farnese married Margherita Aldobrandini and it was the Farnese family that officially established the Jesuits. The current head of the Aldobrandinis is Prince Camillo Aldobrandini and his son is Prince Clemente Aldobrandini. Clemente means mercy or gentle. They use gentleness as a cover similar to the way some pedophiles target children.
The heads of the Aldobrandinis are Prince Francesco Aldobrandini the Duke of Brindisi in Apulia and he resides at the Palazzo Antinori in Florence along with his half brother Prince Giovanni Ferdinando Amerigo Aldobrandini. Prince Camillo and his son Prince Clemente are also high level members. Amerigo is where America got its name. Sylvester Stallone’s family is from Apulia and he can be seen shaking hands with David Meyer de Rothschild. The Stallones are members of the Apulian Mafia. The Apulian Mafia has thousands of members operating in New Jersey. The actors on the show Jersey Shore are all connected with mafia clans. The Vatican has also covertly made Sylvester Stallone the ceremonial leader of their Order of Saint Sylvester and Vicar of Atlas. Atlas refers to Atlantis as well as Atlantic like Atlantic City. The Aldobrandinis are part owners of the Apulian Mafia also called the Sacra Corona Unita which have an operation in New Jersey. The Savoy-Aostas which are the Dukes of Apulia are also part owners of the Apulian Mafia. New Jersey is a mafia headquarters for human trafficking. They have deeply infiltrated the New York and New Jersey Port Authority. The Aldobrandinis have a portion of ownership over the DeCavalcante crime family of New Jersey with Simone Rizzo DeCavalcante Jr who resides in Naples, Florida. The DeCavalcantes have a faction in Florida. The DeCavalcantes are involved in all forms of organized crime including waste management with one of its founders was nicknamed Sam the Plumber. The mafia disposes of bodies and body parts in landfills and sewage plants. The Italian Mafia often hires criminal bikers for their hits especially when the hit is a non Italian or not connected to the mafia. The extremely depraved rapper RZA took his rap name for Simone Rizzo DeCavalcante and he is an agent of the DeCavalcantes and Aldobrandinis. RZA’s brother is a rapper named 9th Prince. RZA lives in New Jersey and is a boss of the AVLN and Five Percenter Islamic supremacist group and he provides a defense for the human trafficking ring in New Jersey. When I originally exposed that there is a Arab Mafia in New Jersey that are involved in human trafficking RZA sent some goons to my house at 3:00AM to try and intimidate me. De-Caval-Cante. Caval means a cave. Hades means the underworld and deep underground caverns. Jesuits are involved in sacrificing people including children and they often do this in caverns.
Cinzio Aldobrandini was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and there is the Reaper of Death statue with a sickle at his tomb at San Pietro in Vincoli along with the Aldobrandini coat of arms and this displays their sinister nature. Cardinal Donald Wuerl was recently Archbishop of Washington DC and is also the Cardinal of San Pietro in Vincoli. The Aldobrandinis still own their old villa in Frascati which looks really creepy. Around their villa they have creepy statues of Poseidon, Pan, and Atlas. Members of the Cult of Hades include the child murdering pedophile actor Johnny Depp who was in the movie the Ninth Gate which refers to Pluto or Hades the ninth planet. Roman Polanski produced the movie the Ninth Gate and he is a convicted pedophile who raped and drugged a young girl. Johnny Depp publicly supported the West Memphis Three which was three older teens that murdered three young boys and Johnny Depp has been a major supporter of these murderers. Johnny Depp is also close friends with Marilyn Manson who is a priest of the Church of Satan and follower of Aleister Crowley. Johnny Depp has done dozens of kids and family movies and is friends with Satanic priests and supports three convicted child murderers. The wrestler Roman Reigns takes his name from Rome and he is a ruthless and murderous agent of the Aldobrandinis. Roman Reigns or Joe Anoaʻi is a cannibalistic monster. The Aldobrandinis have married with the Italian Banchieri family which are an old Italian banking family and their name means bankers. It is possible the Rothschilds have a relation to the Banchieris. Paul Sarlo is a state senator and businessman in New Jersey and he is a covert associate of the DeCavalcante crime syndicate and an agent of the Aldobrandinis. Sarlo works in the construction industry as chief operating officer of Joseph Sanzari Inc. The mafia specialize in construction rackets and build covert underground facilities and bunkers used for sex trafficking of women and children and human sacrifice. Joseph Sanzari is the CEO of his company and a high level gangster.
The Aldobrandinis had stocks seized by the United States government in the 40’s-50’s through the Trading with the Enemy Act likely for working with the Italian Fascists. Princess Olimpia Aldobrandini is married to Baron David Rene de Rothschild who is the head of the French Rothschild family and their son Alexandre de Rothschild is currently the head of N M Rothschild & Sons today and he is an Aldobrandini. In Judaism the Jewish lineage is passed down from the mother so it should be a Roman Catholic Rothschild-Aldobrandini that inherits the Rothschild bank or a portion of its ownership. Prince Camillo Aldobrandini is friends with Antonio Purini and Purini can be seen associating with Cornelius Brandi the Executive Chairman of CMS and Senior Partner of CMS Germany which is a international law firm headquartered in Switzerland that assists in tax evasion. Brandi like Aldo-brandini. The Rothschilds have also married with the Brandolini d’Adda family of Venice. Brando-lini like Aldo-brandini. The Aldobrandini also merged a family branch with the Borghese banking family of Rome under Prince Paolo Borghese and this branch intermarried with the House of Bonaparte. The French House of Bonaparte still covertly govern France and are loyal to the Black Nobility of Rome and Italian royals. Prince Camillo Borghese or Pope Paul V created the Bank of the Holy Spirit in 1605 and the bank eventually merged into UniCredit. The Borghese and Aldobrandini families have an alliance and they have married with the royal family of France and the top bankers of the France the Rothschilds. The Aldobrandinis are involved with infiltrating major ports for human trafficking. Rick Cotton is the executive director of the New York and New Jersey Port Authority and he enables organized crime and child trafficking. The Aldobrandini crime family are involved with pedophilia, satanic ritual abuse, human sacrifice, cannibalism, human flesh trafficking, human trafficking, murder, conspiring against foreign governments, and terrorism. Members of this wicked family include Prince Giovanni Aldobrandini, Prince Camillo Aldobrandini, Prince Clemente Aldobrandini, Princess Olimpia Aldobrandini-Rothschild, Alexandre de Rothschild, and Prince Francesco Aldobrandini the Duke of Brindisi.
source
https://www.eld.edu.mx/profesores.php?idmaestros=102
https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=294118016&privcapId=879922
https://worldcrimesyndicate.blogspot.com
https://mafia.wikia.org/wiki/Michael_Lancellotti
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english-italian/fellow
https://gw.geneanet.org/charlemagne81?lang=en&n=loverini+botta&oc=0&p=carlotta
https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/67/Banca-Monte-dei-Paschi-di-Siena-SpA.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agostino_Chigi
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chigi-family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chigi_Family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alba_Longa
https://www.hsozkult.de/conferencereport/id/tagungsberichte-7628
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovico_Chigi_Albani_della_Rovere
http://www.orderofmalta.int/government/grand-hospitaller/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_Boys
http://cchs.auburn.edu/_files/and-the-winner-is-the-albanian-mafia.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia
http://www.sienaonline.com/siena_palazzo_chigi_saracini.html
https://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/st_clintondonor_20081218.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldobrandini_family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chigi_Family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudaj_Organization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat_District
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattei_family
https://www.rt.com/uk/427540-gangs-crime-drugs-london-albanian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leka,_Crown_Prince_of_Albania_(born_1982)
https://www.pri.org/stories/2011-03-27/kosovos-mafia-hotbed-human-trafficking
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeCavalcante_crime_family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander,_Prince_zu_Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Sugar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chigwell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Wittgenstein
https://www.geni.com/people/Lavinia-Blanc/6000000025902010094
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Ripa_di_Meana
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Prinz_zu_Sayn-Wittgenstein
https://allreligionsareone.org/Mafia.html
https://www.thecollector.com/the-medici-family-legacy
https://mirrorsoftruth1.blogspot.com/2020/01/don-trump-iran-black-nobility.html
https://ordoabchao.ca/genealogies/house-of-este
https://mirrorsoftruth1.blogspot.com/2019/01/tomb-of-aldobrandini.html
https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20170406-this-obscure-religion-shaped-the-west